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我国疆域辽阔,石灰岩分布遍及全国,岩溶(“喀斯特”)作用由于受着不同自然条件的控制,以致岩溶类型十分复杂。一般石灰岩分布的地区多是缺水地区。因为该类地区不论降雨量大小,地表水系皆不发育,大气降水多借洼地、漏斗而渗入地下,变成了地下水源。要使这些地下水能够得到充分利用,这就需要掌握它的埋藏条件、运动规律和排泄条件。并应首先了解岩溶的发育特征及其分布规律。然后才能对地下水加以开采和利用。岩溶水的水文地质条件具有独特的性质而自成一个独立的水文地质单元。我国西南各省沉积了数千米厚的晚古生代及中生代早期的石灰岩,这些岩层呈箱状背斜及槽状向斜大面积出露,并受各种构造断裂影响,所以岩溶现象普遍发育。这些地区年降雨量达1000～
China has a vast territory with limestone spreading all over the country. The role of karst (“karst”) is very complicated due to the control of different natural conditions. Most limestone areas are mostly water-scarce areas. Because no matter the amount of rainfall in this area, surface water systems are not developed, the air by the more depression, funnel and infiltration into the ground, into a groundwater source. To make full use of these groundwater, which need to grasp its burial conditions, exercise rules and excretion conditions. And should first understand the development characteristics of karst and its distribution. Groundwater can then be mined and utilized. Hydrogeological conditions of karst water have unique properties and form an independent hydrogeological unit. Thousands of meters thick Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic limestone were deposited in the provinces of southwest China. These rock layers were exposed in a wide range of box-shaped anticlines and trough-like synclines, and were affected by various tectonic faults. Therefore, karstification generally developed. The annual rainfall in these areas is 1000 ~