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目的:探讨极低出生体重儿(VLBWI)的围产高危因素、并发症及近期生长发育情况,以提高VLBWI诊治和生存质量。方法 :选取2010年1月至2014年12月在珠海市出生,且于珠海市妇幼保健院儿保科体检的140例VLBWI按出生体重分为三组,比较其围产期情况、并发症、体重、身高(长)、头围、神经发育及视听功能。结果:本组140例VLBWI前6位围产高危因素是双胎、妊娠期高血压、胎膜早破、妊娠期内科相关疾病、体外受精-胚胎移植和子宫肿瘤,前6位的并发症是新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、贫血、肺炎、电解质紊乱、窒息、高胆红素血症。患儿身高、体重、头围指标中一项异常者为28.6%,神经发育异常率、早产儿视网膜病变发生率、听力障碍发生率分别是28.1%、16.0%、7.75‰。结论:加强孕期保健和产前高危因素诊治是提高VLBWI生存质量的重要措施,定期体格是早期筛查患儿发育状况异常的有效措施。
Objective: To investigate the perinatal high risk factors, complications and recent growth and development of VLBWI in order to improve the diagnosis and quality of life of VLBWI. Methods: A total of 140 VLBWI babies born in Zhuhai City from January 2010 to December 2014 were selected and divided into three groups according to birth weight. Their perinatal status, complication and weight , Height (length), head circumference, nerve development and audio-visual function. Results: The top 6 perinatal risk factors of twelfth VLBWI in this group were twins, gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes, medical diseases related to pregnancy, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and uterine tumors. The top 6 complications were Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, anemia, pneumonia, electrolyte disturbances, asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia. One of the abnormalities in height, weight and head circumference was 28.6%. The rate of neurodevelopmental dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity and hearing loss were 28.1%, 16.0% and 7.75% respectively. Conclusion: To strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of prenatal and prenatal risk factors during pregnancy is an important measure to improve the quality of life of VLBWI. Regular physical examination is an effective measure to screen the abnormal development of children in early stage.