一、概述近四五十年来,世界人口急剧增涨,并且大量地由乡村流向城市,加速了都市化的进程,导致人类经济工程活动的重点,日益集中到人口高度密集的城市地区。城市发展已从初期的自然地理阶段、人文地理阶段过度到当今的现代化城市阶段。在这个阶段,城市建设对地质环境提出了越来越高的要求。为满足城市总体规划、建设小区规划设计和市政工程项目的设计和施工,为保障城市建筑群的安全,要求对城市化地区的地质构造环境因素等进行全面的勘察和研究,提供成套的完整地质资料。因此,在近二三十年,一门新兴学科 I. OVERVIEW In the recent four or five decades, the world population has risen sharply and largely flows from the countryside to the cities. This has accelerated the process of urbanization and has led to a focus of human economic engineering activities increasingly focused on urban areas with high population density. Urban development has been from the initial stage of natural geography, human geography stage over to today’s modern urban stage. At this stage, urban construction has set higher and higher requirements on the geological environment. In order to meet the overall urban planning, design and construction of residential district planning and design and municipal engineering projects, in order to ensure the safety of urban buildings, it is required to conduct a comprehensive survey and study on the geological structural environmental factors in the urbanized areas and provide a complete set of complete geological data. Therefore, in the last two or three decades, a new discipline