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目的探讨早产儿脑室周围白质软化的影像学特点。方法对入住新生儿科的早产儿由专人床边进行头颅B超检查,并定期随访;对就诊于小儿神经科的早产儿进行MRI扫描。结果38例早产儿于1周内B超检查均发现,在冠状位呈对称性倒三角形回声增高,旁矢状位侧脑室三角部外上方或脑室周围呈回声明显增高,第2次、第3次检查时发现5例有囊腔形成,2例脑室扩大;15例早产儿进行MRI检查,脑室周围白质T2信号异常增高11例,脑室增大脑室壁不规则9例,胼胝体变薄2例。结论头颅B超是诊断早产儿脑室周围白质软化(PVL)的早期、实用、可靠的方法,MRI在PVL的晚期诊断中临床意义较大。
Objective To investigate the imaging features of periventricular white matter in preterm infants. Methods Preterm infants admitted to the neonatology department were examined by head B ultrasound and followed up on a regular basis. MRI scan was performed on premature infants admitted to pediatric neurology department. Results 38 cases of preterm infants within 1 week by B-mode ultrasound were found in the coronal symmetric inverted triangle echo increased, the lateral sagittal lateral ventricle triangle above or around the ventricle was significantly higher echo, the second, third In the second examination, there were 5 cases with cyst formation and 2 cases with enlarged ventricles. MRI examination of 15 premature infants showed abnormal elevation of T2 signal in white matter around the ventricle in 11 cases, ventricular enlargement of ventricular wall in 9 cases, and corpus callosum thinning in 2 cases. Conclusion B-mode ultrasound is an early, practical and reliable method for the diagnosis of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in preterm infants. MRI is clinically significant in the advanced diagnosis of PVL.