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冶炼行业是一个十分庞大和复杂的行业,可以包括采矿、选矿、炼焦、耐火材料制造、烧结、炼化、铸造等部门,在这一系列过程中,工人可接触多种有害因素。尤其是乡镇企业,由于设备不十分完善,手工操作较多,则问题更多。因此,冶炼行业的劳动卫生问题就显得更为重要。下面以炼铁炼钢行业为例,说明冶炼行业中存在的职业性有害因素。1.高温热辐射:无论是炼焦,还是炼铁、炼钢,工人都要接触高温热辐射。平炉炼钢炉内温度为11700℃左右,工作地点的热辐射强度可达到5～10卡/平方厘米/分,夏季车间内温度可较室外高约15～20℃以上,修炉时气温可达100℃以上。因此,车间内除备有较好的降温和通风设置外,工人应有防护服和含盐高能的抗热饮料。另外,工人的作业时间应尽量缩短,并安排好工间休息。
The smelting industry is a very large and complex industry that can include mining, mineral processing, coking, refractories manufacturing, sintering, refining and casting and other sectors where workers have access to many hazards. In particular, township enterprises, the equipment is not perfect, more manual operation, the problem more. Therefore, the smelting industry, the issue of labor and health is even more important. The following iron-smelting steel industry, for example, shows the smelting industry in the existence of occupational harmful factors. 1. High-temperature heat radiation: Whether it is coking, or ironmaking, steelmaking, workers have to contact high-temperature thermal radiation. Open hearth steelmaking furnace temperature of about 11700 ℃, the heat radiation intensity of the workplace can reach 5 ~ 10 cards / cm 2 / min, the summer workshop temperature can be higher than the outdoor about 15 ~ 20 ℃, repair furnace temperature up 100 ℃ above. Therefore, in addition to the workshop with better cooling and ventilation settings, workers should be protective clothing and salt high-energy heat-resistant beverages. In addition, the working hours of workers should be as short as possible, and arrange a good rest.