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微RNA（miRNA）是一类长度为21～25个核苷酸的小分子RNA。 miRNA 参与调控心血管系统的生长发育，对细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等有重要作用。目前对miRNA的发现及其生物功能的研究一直是医学领域的热点之一，已有一些研究证实miRNA是参与心血管疾病发生、发展的重要调控分子，在心脏发育、基因表达和调控中发挥重要的作用。该文将miRNA对心脏发育及其在心血管疾病中的作用予以综述，期望对深入了解miRNA的功能提供新的思路，为临床应用提供依据。“,”MicroRNA( miRNA) is a kind of small RNAs with the length of about 21 to 25 nucleotides.It involves in the regulation of cardiovascular system growth,and plays an important role in cell differentiation ,pro-liferation and apoptosis.At present,study on the discovery of miRNA and its biological functions has been one of the hotspots in the field of medicine .Some studies have demonstrated miRNA is an important regulatory mole-cule participating in heart development,gene expression and regulation.Here is to make a review of miRNA′s role in heart development and cardiovascular diseases,in order to provide new ideas for the further understand-ing of the function of miRNA,and provide basis for its clinical application.