一、前言农村供水包括农业生产用水、乡镇工业用水和农村生活用水三大类。农业生产用水是指农作物生长期间,用人工补充天然雨水的不足部分。乡镇工业用水量是指工业生产过程中引用水量和重复利用水量之和。生活用水一般包括居民生活用水,牲畜饲养用水、水产养殖用水等。农村水源一般取之于天然河道及湖泊,有一部分取之于地表层以下的地下水源。过去农村用水主要靠人力、畜力或风力。直接耗能比较少,现在由于大面积种植水稻,农业生产中大量施用化肥、农药,工业生产过程中大量未经处理的污水直接向河道排放,造成对水环境的污染,使原来天然河道中的水量和水质,远远不能供足要求,迫使人们耗用大量能源进行 I. Preface The rural water supply includes agricultural production water, township industrial water and rural living water three categories. Water for agricultural production refers to the deficient part of artificial replenishment of natural rainwater during crop growth. Industrial water use in towns and towns refers to the sum of quoted and recycled water in industrial processes. Domestic water generally includes domestic water, animal husbandry water, aquaculture water and so on. Rural water sources are generally derived from natural rivers and lakes, and some are derived from underground water sources below the surface layer. In the past, rural water mainly relied on human, animal or wind power. Direct energy consumption is relatively small, and now due to large-scale cultivation of rice, a large number of agricultural production in the application of fertilizers, pesticides, industrial production process a large number of untreated sewage discharge directly to the river, resulting in water pollution, so that the original natural river Water and water quality, far from adequate requirements, forcing people to consume large amounts of energy