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文章概述了西北内陆干旱区黑河流域地下水系统的构成及第四纪含水层分布,在系统收集整理1986~2009年间黑河流域河道径流、地下水位、灌溉引水资料及补充调查成果的基础上,重点分析了径流变化和人类活动对流域地下水动态的影响。根据高程梯度、地貌类型和径流对平原地下水系统的补给作用,流域地下水动态类型可分为3个典型区:1)山前潜水含水层强入渗补给区,河道过水量控制着年地下水位变幅;2)冲积扇边缘细土平原承压含水层区,人类活动干预下的地表-地下水复杂交互过程使地下水位多年变化呈动态平衡状态;3)下游荒漠平原入渗生态补给区,政策性分水计划强烈影响地下水动态变化和空间分布。地表-地下水交互过程强烈影响地下水系统的动态平衡,且在不同区域呈现的时间尺度不同。中游绿洲农业区的人类活动通过政策性的水量再分配及土地利用空间格局变化影响地下水的循环路径及补径排条件。通过建立地表-地下水-生态水文过程耦合模型是量化动态水循环过程、合理管理地表-地下水资源的迫切需求,是未来干旱区水资源可持续利用研究的方向。
The paper summarizes the composition of the groundwater system and the distribution of Quaternary aquifers in the Heihe River basin in inland arid northwestern China. Based on systematic collection and sorting of river runoff, groundwater table, irrigation and diversion data and supplementary surveys in Heihe River Basin from 1986 to 2009, the key points The effects of runoff variation and human activities on the groundwater dynamics are analyzed. According to the recharge effect of elevation gradient, landform type and runoff on the groundwater system in the plain, the dynamic types of groundwater in the basin can be divided into three typical areas: 1) the strong infiltration recharge area of the piedmont aquifer, which controls the annual groundwater level change 2) Confined aquifer area on alluvial fan marginal fine soil plain, the surface-groundwater interaction process under the intervention of human activities makes the groundwater level dynamic equilibrium for many years; 3) The downstream desert plain infiltration ecological recharge area, policy Water diversion programs strongly influence the dynamic changes and spatial distribution of groundwater. The surface-groundwater interaction process strongly influences the dynamic balance of groundwater systems and presents different time scales in different regions. Human activities in the oasis agricultural area in the middle reaches affected the circulation path of the groundwater and the conditions of the supplements and drainage through the policy of redistribution of water quantity and the change of the spatial pattern of land use. It is the direction of the research on sustainable utilization of water resources in arid areas in the future that the coupling model of surface-groundwater-eco-hydrological process is to quantify the dynamic water cycle process and reasonably manage the urgent need of surface-groundwater resources.