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艾滋病是人类嗜 T 淋巴细胞Ⅲ型病毒/淋巴结相关病毒(LAV/HTLV-Ⅲ)引起的,以辅助性 T 淋巴细胞选择性丧失,导致免疫机理严重损害为特征的新的传染病。艾滋病病原体通过性交、胃肠道外血液或血制品输注或围产期中由母亲向胎儿传播的。人受到艾滋病毒慢性感染时,不仅辅助性或诱导性 T淋巴细胞的质和量发生异常,还可出现如多克隆 B 细胞的活化、自发分泌抗体的 B 细胞数量增加、试管内 B 细胞对有丝分裂原和抗原的反应减弱以及体内原发性体液免疫应答的缺损等免疫功能的障碍。因此,艾滋病的临床表现并无特异性,而且极易发生多种机会性感
AIDS is a new infectious disease caused by human T-lymphotropic virus type III / lymphoid-associated virus (LAV / HTLV-III), characterized by the loss of helper T-lymphocyte selectivity, leading to severe damage to immune mechanisms. The transmission of AIDS pathogens from mother to fetus through sexual intercourse, extra-parenteral blood or blood products, or perinatal period. When people are chronically infected with HIV, not only the quality and quantity of helper or induced T lymphocytes are abnormal, but also polyclonal B cells are activated, the number of spontaneous antibody-secreting B cells is increased, and in vitro B cells are mitogenic The reduction of the reaction between the original antigen and the antigen and the defect of the primary humoral immune response in vivo. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of AIDS are not specific, and prone to a wide range of opportunistic sex