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岩体是被地质构造弱面切割的地质体,它的特征是不连续、不均质和各向异性。用完整岩石试件在常规压力机上所获得的试验结果,不能很好地代表岩体的工程性质。但是,利用刚性很大的压力机对完整及破裂岩石作试验所获得的应力-应变全过程的后部份,以及循环加载-卸载曲线,在力学性质及破裂发展过程等方面,都与工程岩体十分相似。本文根据作者对多种岩石获得的应力-应变全图及循环加载-卸载试验结果,提出两种变参数单元模型,即变弹性模量的虎克体和变屈服极限的圣维南体,并由此而组成四种模拟破裂岩石的力学模型,导出相应的本构方程。根据岩石应力-应变全过程的试验结果,可以求出本构方程中的有关参数。通过模型与试验结果的对比,证明了模型的可用性,为今后讨论破裂岩体的稳定性及其支护分析提供了参考模型。
The rock body is a geological body that is cut by a weak face of a geological structure and is characterized by discontinuous, inhomogeneous, and anisotropic properties. The test results obtained on a conventional press with intact rock specimens do not represent well the engineering properties of the rock mass. However, the complete part of the stress-strain process obtained by testing the intact and fractured rock using a very rigid press, as well as the cyclic loading-unloading curve, are related to the engineering rock in terms of mechanical properties and fracture development processes. The bodies are very similar. Based on the results of the stress-strain map and cyclic loading-unloading test results obtained by various types of rocks, the author proposes two variable-parameter element models, namely the variable-elastic-modulus Hulk and the yield-changing Saint-Vernant, and Thus, four mechanical models of simulated rock failure were formed and the corresponding constitutive equations were derived. According to the experimental results of rock stress-strain whole process, relevant parameters in the constitutive equation can be obtained. The comparison between the model and the test results proves the availability of the model and provides a reference model for future discussion of the stability of fractured rock mass and its support analysis.