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综合运用X射线荧光光谱、X射线光电子能谱、X射线粉末衍射等技术对取自秦始皇帝陵、汉阳陵土遗址土样中的成盐元素、成盐类型、盐的晶体结构和类型进行了分析。结果表明,虽然各样品之间存在着显著差异,但样品中多含有Na+、K+、NH4+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-、SO24-、NO3-、HCO3-等离子,可溶盐或微溶盐主要为NaCl、Na2SO4、NaNO3、NH4NO3、CaSO4.2H2O、2CaSO4.H2O、CaSO4、Na2Ca5(SO4)6.3H2O。结构分析表明,样品中盐的结晶形态取决于样品的存赋地点和环境。这些结果对研究秦始皇帝陵和汉阳陵土遗址中盐害的形成机理以及建立有效保护和防治体系具有重要指导意义。
Comprehensively using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and other techniques from the Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum, Hanyang Ling site ruins of salt-forming elements, salt type, salt crystal structure and type analysis. The results showed that although there were significant differences among the samples, the samples contained more Na +, K +, NH4 +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl-, SO24-, NO3- and HCO3- ions. The soluble or slightly soluble salts were mainly NaCl, Na2SO4, NaNO3, NH4NO3, CaSO4.2H2O, 2CaSO4.H2O, CaSO4, Na2Ca5 (SO4) 6.3H2O. Structural analysis shows that the crystalline form of the salt in the sample depends on the location and environment of the sample. These results have important guiding significance for studying the formation mechanism of salt damage in Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and Hanyang Lingtu Site and establishing effective protection and prevention system.