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摘 要:为对探索监控运动员的身体机能指标体系以及辅助干预方法,以期提高科学化训练水平。对参加夏训和冬训的18名健将级运动员进行若干生理生化指标评价分析,辅以高原训练、营养干预、水下动作影像系统干预等方式,探索采用科技服务的方法和手段提高训练效果。结果发现,运动员的理化指标在冬训期间总体水平波动较大,夏训和冬训中从下降至慢慢回升,随着训练量增加出现下降,调整后又呈现回升的波动情况。经过一段时间的调整后,男女运动员的各项理化指标在赛前达到一个比较理想的状态。经过夏训、冬训和多种干预方法,其中5名运动员在2016年全国冠军赛暨里约奥运选拔赛中取得良好的成绩。结果说明:采用多样性的血液指标监测,辅以多元化干预手段,可以有效促进运动员的身体机能状态。
关 键 词:生理生化指标;游泳;训练监控;健将级运动员;广东
中图分类号:G804.2;G861.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)01-0133-05
Abstract: In order to probe into and monitor the swimmer physical function level index system and auxiliary intervention methods, and hopefully to improve scientific training performance, the authors carried out an evaluation and analysis based on several physiological and biochemical indexes on 18 master level swimmers participating in summer and winter training, which was assisted by such means as altitude training, nutrition intervention and underwater image system intervention etc, and actively probed into improving training effect by using scientific service methods and means. The authors revealed the following findings: the overall levels of physiological and biochemical indexes of the swimmers fluctuated significantly, from decreasing to slowly increasing, decreasing with the increase of training volume, then increasing after adjustment, during summer and winter training. After a period of time of adjustment, various physiological and biochemical indexes of the male and female swimmers reached a relatively ideal state before competition. After the summer and winter training periods and multiple intervention methods, 5 of the swimmers achieved good results in National Championship Games and Rio Olympic Games Qualification 2016. The said findings indicate that using diversified blood index monitoring, assisted by multiple intervention means, can effectively improve the physical function conditions of the swimmers.
Key words: physiological and biochemical indexes;swimming;training monitoring;master level athlete;Guangdong
在奥运会项目设置中,竞技游泳项目是仅次于田径的第2大竞技项目。近年来,竞技游泳的多项世界纪录被不断刷新,游泳运动呈现前所未有的发展态势,其中一个重要原因是游泳生理生化训练监控和运动技术改进等多种科学训练手段的发展[1]。在广东省体育局大力提倡科研为先导的前提下,我们以课题研究为依托,旨在结合多手段方式干预建立科研促训模式,探索监控运动员身体机能水平的指标体系以及辅助干预方法,以期为提高该项目的科学化训练程度提供科技支持。
1 研究对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
广东省游泳队备战第13届全国运动会健将级运动员18名,其中男9名(年齡(20±2)岁),女9名(年龄(19±3)岁),由于游泳项目运动员均具有较强的兼项能力,所以运动员可兼不同短、长距离的蝶、仰、蛙、自游泳项目。
1.2 研究方法
1)指标检测。
(1)检测安排。
训练计划安排主要分为冬季训练和夏季训练,连续3个集训周期采血监测18名运动员的生理生化指标,每节训练课时间为2 h以上大运动量、低强度的训练,每月1次固定在早晨07:30接受取静脉血。日常维持训练量和训练强度,并依据运动员生理生化指标的大周期变化规律不断调整提高;逢大型比赛阶段(4—6月各类赛事)前后的运动量,训练大强度刺激后进行调整,恢复期训练以调整恢复为主。
关 键 词:生理生化指标;游泳;训练监控;健将级运动员;广东
中图分类号:G804.2;G861.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)01-0133-05
Abstract: In order to probe into and monitor the swimmer physical function level index system and auxiliary intervention methods, and hopefully to improve scientific training performance, the authors carried out an evaluation and analysis based on several physiological and biochemical indexes on 18 master level swimmers participating in summer and winter training, which was assisted by such means as altitude training, nutrition intervention and underwater image system intervention etc, and actively probed into improving training effect by using scientific service methods and means. The authors revealed the following findings: the overall levels of physiological and biochemical indexes of the swimmers fluctuated significantly, from decreasing to slowly increasing, decreasing with the increase of training volume, then increasing after adjustment, during summer and winter training. After a period of time of adjustment, various physiological and biochemical indexes of the male and female swimmers reached a relatively ideal state before competition. After the summer and winter training periods and multiple intervention methods, 5 of the swimmers achieved good results in National Championship Games and Rio Olympic Games Qualification 2016. The said findings indicate that using diversified blood index monitoring, assisted by multiple intervention means, can effectively improve the physical function conditions of the swimmers.
Key words: physiological and biochemical indexes;swimming;training monitoring;master level athlete;Guangdong
在奥运会项目设置中,竞技游泳项目是仅次于田径的第2大竞技项目。近年来,竞技游泳的多项世界纪录被不断刷新,游泳运动呈现前所未有的发展态势,其中一个重要原因是游泳生理生化训练监控和运动技术改进等多种科学训练手段的发展[1]。在广东省体育局大力提倡科研为先导的前提下,我们以课题研究为依托,旨在结合多手段方式干预建立科研促训模式,探索监控运动员身体机能水平的指标体系以及辅助干预方法,以期为提高该项目的科学化训练程度提供科技支持。
1 研究对象与方法
1.1 研究对象
广东省游泳队备战第13届全国运动会健将级运动员18名,其中男9名(年齡(20±2)岁),女9名(年龄(19±3)岁),由于游泳项目运动员均具有较强的兼项能力,所以运动员可兼不同短、长距离的蝶、仰、蛙、自游泳项目。
1.2 研究方法
1)指标检测。
(1)检测安排。
训练计划安排主要分为冬季训练和夏季训练,连续3个集训周期采血监测18名运动员的生理生化指标,每节训练课时间为2 h以上大运动量、低强度的训练,每月1次固定在早晨07:30接受取静脉血。日常维持训练量和训练强度,并依据运动员生理生化指标的大周期变化规律不断调整提高;逢大型比赛阶段(4—6月各类赛事)前后的运动量,训练大强度刺激后进行调整,恢复期训练以调整恢复为主。