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[目的]研究新疆干旱沙漠油田作业人员工作中存在的职业紧张因素、工作能力及其与紧张反应的关系。[方法]采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取油田作业人员共1 425名为研究对象,平均年龄(37.69±7.68)岁。利用工作紧张因素、工作能力指数和职业紧张量表调查油田作业人员的职业紧张因素、工作能力和紧张反应水平;采用方差分析和卡方检验进行组间比较,用多元线性回归分析评价紧张反应的影响因素。[结果]输油工参与、合作的可能性及工作组织问题的得分均较高(P<0.05),炼化工合作的可能性得分高于采油工和其他工种(P<0.05),采油工的时间压力得分高于其他工种(P<0.05)。任务界限、责任、个体紧张反应、业务紧张反应、人际关系紧张、休闲和自我保健的得分,输油工均高于炼化工和其他工种(P<0.05)。不同工种油田作业人员的工作能力得分和分级均无显著差异(P>0.05)。职业紧张因素中的任务控制、工作组织问题、环境紧张因素、任务过重、责任和工作环境,以及应对资源中的休闲为紧张反应的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。[结论]任务控制等职业紧张因素对油田作业人员的紧张反应有影响。改善工作中存在的相关职业紧张因素,并增加娱乐活动等休闲内容,可减少油田作业人员的紧张反应。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the occupational stress factors, working ability and their relationship with stressors in the work of arid desert oilfields in Xinjiang. [Method] A total of 1 425 workers in the field were sampled by cluster random sampling method. The average age was (37.69 ± 7.68) years old. Job stress factors, work ability index and occupational stress questionnaire were used to investigate occupational stress factors, working ability and stress response level of oil field workers; variance analysis and chi-square test were used to compare groups, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of stress response Influencing factors. [Results] The participation of petroleum workers, the possibility of cooperation and the scores of work organization were all higher (P <0.05). The possibility of refining and chemical cooperation was higher than those of oil producers and other workers (P <0.05) Time pressure score higher than other types of work (P <0.05). Tasks, responsibilities, individual stress reactions, business stress reactions, interpersonal tensions, scores for leisure and self-care, oil workers were higher than those of refining and chemical and other workers (P <0.05). There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the working ability scores and grading of workers of different types of oilfields. Job control in occupational stress, work organization, environmental stress, overwork, responsibility and work environment, as well as coping with leisure in resources are the main influencing factors of stress response (P <0.05). [Conclusion] Occupational stress factors such as task control have an impact on the tension response of oil field workers. Improve job-related occupational stress factors and increase leisure activities such as entertainment activities, can reduce the tension of field workers.