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腭扁桃体主要是淋巴组织,位于舌腭肌及咽腭肌形成的窝内。其内侧面覆盖着复层鳞状上皮。其外侧面有一包囊及一些疏松组织与咽上缩肌分开,两者均起源于中胚层。上述各部均可发生恶性肿瘤。这些肿瘤的分类随时代而变化,最近的分类如下: 1.鳞状细胞癌分为角化或无角化型,通常发生于扁桃体上极附近,易发生溃疡,并向软腭及前弓扩展,很少向深部组织浸润。主要向颈上深淋巴结转移,晚期转移至颈下副淋巴结及纵隔淋巴结。远处转移罕见。
The palatine tonsils are mainly lymphoid tissues, which are located in the fossa formed by the lingual diaphragm muscles and pharyngeal diaphragm muscles. Its inner side is covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Its outer side has a capsule and some loose tissue separated from the pharyngeal constrictor muscle, both originating from the mesoderm. Malignant tumors can occur in any of the above departments. The classification of these tumors varies from generation to generation. The most recent classifications are as follows: 1. Squamous cell carcinomas are classified as keratinized or non-keratinized, usually occurring near the upper pole of the tonsils, prone to ulceration, and extending to the soft palate and anterior arch. Rarely infiltrates deep tissue. Mainly to the deep cervical lymph node metastasis, advanced metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes. Distant transfers are rare.