认证,是案件审判过程中法官的法定职责。基于不同的证明标准,认证在三大诉讼体系中各有其特点,在判决书写作上的表现也势必存在着差异。这里以普通程序一审民事判决书为例,谈谈认证的两个识别层面。从认识轨迹上看,认证具有两个不同的识别层面。第一个层面是对证据能否被采用作出审查认定;第二个层面是对证据的证明内容作出审查认定。理论上习惯把前一个 Certification is the legal responsibility of the judge during the trial of the case. Based on different certification standards, certification has its own characteristics in the three major litigation systems, and the performance in judgment writing is also bound to be different. Here to civil trial verdict of ordinary procedure as an example, to talk about the two recognition levels. From the cognitive trajectory point of view, certification has two different levels of recognition. The first level is whether the evidence can be used to make a censorship; the second level is to verify the content of the evidence. In theory the previous one