任何一门学科都喜欢把自己这门学科的历史追溯到很久远的时代,西方的人类学当然也不例外。甚至有人乐于将其根源追溯到古希腊的时代,以为那个时代就有了人类学思想的萌芽。不过人类学作为一个专门的学科,并有了它自己专门的名字,却是在十九世纪后半个世纪才逐渐发展起来的。这个时期人类学所研究的问题既广 Any subject like to trace the history of its discipline back to a very long time. Of course, Western anthropology is no exception. Even some people are happy to trace their roots back to the ancient Greek era, thinking that the era had the seeds of anthropological thinking. However, anthropology, as a specialized discipline with its own specific name, developed only gradually in the second half of the nineteenth century. The problems studied by anthropology during this period are wide