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目的探讨40岁以下青年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的临床特征和冠脉造影特点。方法选取30例年龄40岁以下急性心肌梗死患者作为青年观察组,随机选取同期确诊的90例年龄大于60岁的急性心肌梗死患者作为对照组。对两组患者临床特征及冠脉造影特点进行比较和统计学分析。结果结果青年观察组和老年对照组之间的高血压患病率及饮酒史和肥胖差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。青年组在吸烟、早发冠心病家族史比例高于老年组,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),而老年组合并糖尿病和高脂血症的比例较高,差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。青年组以单支病变为主,占56.7%,而老年组病变以三支病变为主占40.0%。结论吸烟及早发冠心病家族史是40岁以下青年急性心肌梗死的主要发病因素,病变以单支病变为主。
Objective To investigate the clinical features and the characteristics of coronary angiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) under 40 years of age. Methods Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction under 40 years of age were selected as the youth observation group. Ninety patients with acute myocardial infarction over 60 years of age diagnosed at the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The clinical characteristics and coronary angiography characteristics of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension and the history of alcohol consumption and obesity between the youth observation group and the elderly control group (P> 0.05). The prevalence of smoking and premature coronary heart disease in the youth group was higher than that in the elderly group (all P <0.05), while the proportion of elderly patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia was significantly higher (All P <0.05). The single group was predominant in the youth group, accounting for 56.7% of the total, while the lesion in the elderly group was predominantly of the three lesions (40.0%). Conclusions Smoking and early onset of family history of coronary heart disease are the main risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in young people under 40 years old.