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Cheating
The income-tax deadline approaches andsome taxpayers' thoughts turn to it. Test timeapproaches and some students turn to it.
"You want something you can't get bybehaving within the rules, and when you wantit badly enough, you'll do it regardless of anyguilt or deep regret, and you're willing to runthe risk of being caught." That's how LaddWheeler, psychology professor at the Univer-sity of Rochester in New York, defines cheat-ing.
Many experts believe cheating is on therise. "We are suffering a moral breakdown. "Pinkard says: "We're seeing more of the kindof person who regards the world as a series ofthings to be dealt with. Whether to cheat de-pends on whether it's in the person's inter-est." He does, however, see less cheating a-mong the youngest students.
Richard Dienstbier, psychology professorat the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, be-lieves that society's attitudes account formuch of the upsurge(高涨) in cheating.
Twenty years ago if a person cheated incollege, society said: "That is extremnely seri-ous, you will be dropped for a semester(学期)if not kicked out permanently," he says.
"Nowadays, at the University of Nebras-ka, for example, it is the stated policy of theCollege of Arts and Science that if a studentcheats on an exam, the subject must receivean "F" on what he cheated on. That's notic-ing. If you're going to flunk anyway, why notcheat?"
"Cheating is most likely in the situationwhere the interests are high and the chancesof getting caught are low," says social psy-chologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Ore-gon in Eugene.
1. The text centers on_______.
A. making the reader believe that cheatingis bnmoral
B. discussing th,e reason for cheating
C. describing how to control cheating
D. suggesting how to control cheating
2. Cheating tends to occur when_______.
A. one wants to try something easy
B. one can't get something in a right way
C. it is not very likely to be found out
D. a series of things have to be dealt with
3. It could be inferred from the text that________.
A. cheating is widespread because societyis too tolerant
B. cheating is the result of intense pressure
C. cheating is cheating, whether on a testor on any other occasions
D. cheating comes together with civilization
4. The underlined word "flunk" in Paragraph6 probably means_______.
A. tear
B. be pleased
C. succeed
D. fail
答案及解析：
本文主要阐述产生作弊的原因，对作弊者的心理分析，人们对作弊现象的态度以及过去、现在当局对作弊采取的做法。
1．B。主旨概括题。本文开头段落从作弊现象引出专家对作弊产生的原因分析，文章中心是“讨论作弊的原因”，故选择B项。A、C项文中提到，但不是本文的中心．D项文中没有涉及到。
2．C。细节辨析题。从文章第二段及末段推测，Cheating ls most likely ln the situa-tion where the interests are high and thechances of getting caught are low，选择C项。考生根据自己的经验或第二段第一句前半截You want something you can't get bv be-having within the rules忽略了后面的信息而误选B项。
3．A。推理判断题。从文章第四段推测society's attitudes account for much of theupsurge(高涨)in cheating社会对待作弊的态度说明了作弊现象高涨的原因，即：作弊很普遍是因为社会太姑息、容忍这种现象。应该根据文章中已知的信息来推测，故排除B、C、D项。
4．D。猜测词义题。根据上文提示推测，“学生作弊的科目会得到一个‘F’”，即“不及格”，“这没关系。反正你可能不及格，为什么不作弊呢?”(暗示学生作弊的动机：也许作弊还可能及格。)
The income-tax deadline approaches andsome taxpayers' thoughts turn to it. Test timeapproaches and some students turn to it.
"You want something you can't get bybehaving within the rules, and when you wantit badly enough, you'll do it regardless of anyguilt or deep regret, and you're willing to runthe risk of being caught." That's how LaddWheeler, psychology professor at the Univer-sity of Rochester in New York, defines cheat-ing.
Many experts believe cheating is on therise. "We are suffering a moral breakdown. "Pinkard says: "We're seeing more of the kindof person who regards the world as a series ofthings to be dealt with. Whether to cheat de-pends on whether it's in the person's inter-est." He does, however, see less cheating a-mong the youngest students.
Richard Dienstbier, psychology professorat the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, be-lieves that society's attitudes account formuch of the upsurge(高涨) in cheating.
Twenty years ago if a person cheated incollege, society said: "That is extremnely seri-ous, you will be dropped for a semester(学期)if not kicked out permanently," he says.
"Nowadays, at the University of Nebras-ka, for example, it is the stated policy of theCollege of Arts and Science that if a studentcheats on an exam, the subject must receivean "F" on what he cheated on. That's notic-ing. If you're going to flunk anyway, why notcheat?"
"Cheating is most likely in the situationwhere the interests are high and the chancesof getting caught are low," says social psy-chologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Ore-gon in Eugene.
1. The text centers on_______.
A. making the reader believe that cheatingis bnmoral
B. discussing th,e reason for cheating
C. describing how to control cheating
D. suggesting how to control cheating
2. Cheating tends to occur when_______.
A. one wants to try something easy
B. one can't get something in a right way
C. it is not very likely to be found out
D. a series of things have to be dealt with
3. It could be inferred from the text that________.
A. cheating is widespread because societyis too tolerant
B. cheating is the result of intense pressure
C. cheating is cheating, whether on a testor on any other occasions
D. cheating comes together with civilization
4. The underlined word "flunk" in Paragraph6 probably means_______.
A. tear
B. be pleased
C. succeed
D. fail
答案及解析：
本文主要阐述产生作弊的原因，对作弊者的心理分析，人们对作弊现象的态度以及过去、现在当局对作弊采取的做法。
1．B。主旨概括题。本文开头段落从作弊现象引出专家对作弊产生的原因分析，文章中心是“讨论作弊的原因”，故选择B项。A、C项文中提到，但不是本文的中心．D项文中没有涉及到。
2．C。细节辨析题。从文章第二段及末段推测，Cheating ls most likely ln the situa-tion where the interests are high and thechances of getting caught are low，选择C项。考生根据自己的经验或第二段第一句前半截You want something you can't get bv be-having within the rules忽略了后面的信息而误选B项。
3．A。推理判断题。从文章第四段推测society's attitudes account for much of theupsurge(高涨)in cheating社会对待作弊的态度说明了作弊现象高涨的原因，即：作弊很普遍是因为社会太姑息、容忍这种现象。应该根据文章中已知的信息来推测，故排除B、C、D项。
4．D。猜测词义题。根据上文提示推测，“学生作弊的科目会得到一个‘F’”，即“不及格”，“这没关系。反正你可能不及格，为什么不作弊呢?”(暗示学生作弊的动机：也许作弊还可能及格。)