本文基于对山东、陕西和河南三省农民的实地调查,探讨了影响我国农村居民参加村委会选举的行为的主要因素及其作用机制。从统计角度来看,现阶段我国农村居民对村委会选举的关注和参与程度普遍较高。在样本农户中,66%的农民表示愿意参加村委会选举,62%以上的农民实际参加了最近一次的村委会选举。实证分析的结果表明,农民在选举中拥有的自主权越大,其实际参加选举的概率就越大。此外,参与态度对参与行为亦产生显著影响。鉴于上述结论,建议政府在推进基层民主政治建设时,一方面应该完善制度,提高选举的公开度与透明度,让农民尽可能地参与其中;另一方面,应该通过激励农民,增强其政治参与意识,进而提高农民实际参加选举的概率。 Based on field surveys of peasants in Shandong, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, this article explores the main factors and their mechanisms that affect the participation of rural residents in the election of village committees. From a statistical point of view, the current level of concern and participation of rural residents in our village committees is generally high. Among the sample farmers, 66% of farmers said they are willing to participate in village election, and more than 62% of farmers actually participated in the last village election. The results of the empirical analysis show that the greater the peasant’s autonomy in the election, the greater the probability of actually participating in the election. In addition, attitudes of participation also have a significant impact on participation. In view of the above conclusion, it is suggested that when promoting the construction of grassroots democratic politics, the government should improve the system on the one hand and openness and transparency of the election so that peasants can participate as much as possible. On the other hand, we should encourage peasants to enhance their awareness of political participation , Thereby increasing the probability of farmers actually participating in the election.