在古典和新古典贸易理论中,一国的贸易模式取决于该国的比较优势。本文的研究结果表明,发达国家环境规制的严格化使得发展中国家重度污染密集型产业的比较优势得到相对的强化,而对中、轻度污染产业的影响则依据产业的不同而不同。文章还以我国纺织服装业为例作了进一步分析。最后,作者从环境规制的完善、产业结构调整及环境成本内在化几个方面提出了政策建议。 In the classical and neoclassical trade theories, the trade pattern of a country depends on its comparative advantage. The results of this study show that the stringent environmental regulations in developed countries have strengthened the comparative advantages of heavily-polluting industries in developing countries while the impacts on moderate-and-moderately polluting industries have varied from industry to industry. The article also made a further analysis of China’s textile and garment industry as an example. Finally, the author puts forward policy suggestions from several aspects such as perfection of environmental regulation, adjustment of industrial structure and internalization of environmental costs.