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倒装句分为完全倒装(将整个谓语置于主语之前)和部分倒装(仅将谓语的一部分,如be,助动词,情态动词等置于主语之前)。
一、使用完全倒装的情况
1、在there be/ lie/ stand/ live/ seem/ appear/ exist/remain... 句型中。如:
There will be a sports meeting in our school next weekend.
下周末在我校將有一场运动会。
There once lived a king who loved fine clothes very much.
从前有一个国王,他非常喜爱穿漂亮的衣服。
2、表示地点、时间、方向的副词(here, there, now, then, in, out, up, down, away等)位于句首时。如:
Here comes the old lady!
那个老太太来了!
Down jumped the man from the horse.
那人从马上跳了下来。
注意:上述情况中,若主语为代词时则不用倒装。如:
Here you are. 给你。
There he comes!他来了!
3、表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如:
Between the two buildings stands a big tree.
两栋楼之间有棵大树。
Under the big tree stood a young man with an umbrella in his hand.
大树下站了个年轻人,手里拿着一把雨伞。
4、某些表语位于句首,保持句子平衡,以强调表语。如:
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
在货物中有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛和玩具。
Present at the meeting were Mr. White and many other guests.
怀特先生和许多其他的客人出席了会议。
Remaining in the water was some leaves from a nearby tree.
从附近的一棵树上落下的一些叶子停留在水中。
5、直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时,指明说话人的部分的主谓语要倒装。如:
“Are you listening to English songs?”asked my mother.
我妈妈问:“你在听英文歌曲吗”
但是,引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时不能倒装。如:
“Light travels faster than sound,”David said to her.
大卫对她说:“光比声音传播的快。”
6、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
Long live our great country! 伟大的祖国万岁!
二、使用部分倒装的情况
1、only修饰的状语(副词,介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,其后要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.
做过三次手术之后,他才能不靠拐杖行走。
Only when I knew the whole story did I realize that you were in danger.
只是当我知道了事情的全过程,我才明白你处在危险的境地。
2、含有否定含义的副词(never, seldom, little, not, nowhere等)位于句首时,其后要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
虽然她自己处于极大的危险之中,但她根本不顾自己的安全。
3、not until位于句首时,其后的主句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初,人们才知道热为何物。
4、在no sooner...than..., hardly/ scarcely/ barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.
那位翻译刚踏进国门,就又受命要去他国。
5、not only ...but also...位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Not only did he make lots of mistakes in grammar, but also he made several mistakes in spelling. 他不仅犯了很多语法错误,还犯了好几个拼写错误。
6、so/ neither/ nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/ neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语.”如:
---I really want to take a vacation to Guilin. 我真想去桂林度个假。
---So do I. 我也是耶。
7、so + adj./ adv. 位于句首时,其后使用部分倒装结构。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So beautifully did she sing that all of us stood up and screamed with excitement
她唱得那么优美,以致我们所有人都站了起来,兴奋的欢呼着。
8、当if 引导的虚拟条件句中含有had, were,should 等时,如果将if省略,则要将had, were, should 等移到主语前面,构成部分倒装结构。如:
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
若你昨天来,就能见到他了。
Were it not because of your help,I would still be homeless.
要不是因为你帮我,我会依旧无家可归。
9、以表示频率的副词或短语(often, many a time, now and then, once a week等)开头的句子中,要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Many a time has Mr. Green given me good advice.
格林先生多次給我好的建议。
10、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
May you all have a good time. 祝你们都玩的开心。
参考文献:
[1]薄冰 《英语常见共性问题解答》 ,商务印书馆国际有限公司,2008
[2]赵振才 《初高中英语考点难点详解词典》 ,世界图书出版西安公司,2005
[3]张道真 《实用英语语法》 , 外语教学与研究出版社,1997
[4]赵振才 《英语常见共性问题解答大词典》 ,清华大学出版社, 2002
[5]杨镇明 《英语疑难词典》 ,外语教学与研究出版社, 1997
一、使用完全倒装的情况
1、在there be/ lie/ stand/ live/ seem/ appear/ exist/remain... 句型中。如:
There will be a sports meeting in our school next weekend.
下周末在我校將有一场运动会。
There once lived a king who loved fine clothes very much.
从前有一个国王,他非常喜爱穿漂亮的衣服。
2、表示地点、时间、方向的副词(here, there, now, then, in, out, up, down, away等)位于句首时。如:
Here comes the old lady!
那个老太太来了!
Down jumped the man from the horse.
那人从马上跳了下来。
注意:上述情况中,若主语为代词时则不用倒装。如:
Here you are. 给你。
There he comes!他来了!
3、表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如:
Between the two buildings stands a big tree.
两栋楼之间有棵大树。
Under the big tree stood a young man with an umbrella in his hand.
大树下站了个年轻人,手里拿着一把雨伞。
4、某些表语位于句首,保持句子平衡,以强调表语。如:
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
在货物中有圣诞树、鲜花、蜡烛和玩具。
Present at the meeting were Mr. White and many other guests.
怀特先生和许多其他的客人出席了会议。
Remaining in the water was some leaves from a nearby tree.
从附近的一棵树上落下的一些叶子停留在水中。
5、直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时,指明说话人的部分的主谓语要倒装。如:
“Are you listening to English songs?”asked my mother.
我妈妈问:“你在听英文歌曲吗”
但是,引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时不能倒装。如:
“Light travels faster than sound,”David said to her.
大卫对她说:“光比声音传播的快。”
6、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
Long live our great country! 伟大的祖国万岁!
二、使用部分倒装的情况
1、only修饰的状语(副词,介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时,其后要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.
做过三次手术之后,他才能不靠拐杖行走。
Only when I knew the whole story did I realize that you were in danger.
只是当我知道了事情的全过程,我才明白你处在危险的境地。
2、含有否定含义的副词(never, seldom, little, not, nowhere等)位于句首时,其后要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
虽然她自己处于极大的危险之中,但她根本不顾自己的安全。
3、not until位于句首时,其后的主句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19世纪初,人们才知道热为何物。
4、在no sooner...than..., hardly/ scarcely/ barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
No sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.
那位翻译刚踏进国门,就又受命要去他国。
5、not only ...but also...位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Not only did he make lots of mistakes in grammar, but also he made several mistakes in spelling. 他不仅犯了很多语法错误,还犯了好几个拼写错误。
6、so/ neither/ nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/ neither/ nor + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词 + 主语.”如:
---I really want to take a vacation to Guilin. 我真想去桂林度个假。
---So do I. 我也是耶。
7、so + adj./ adv. 位于句首时,其后使用部分倒装结构。如:
So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.
天气太冷,我们只好呆在家里。
So beautifully did she sing that all of us stood up and screamed with excitement
她唱得那么优美,以致我们所有人都站了起来,兴奋的欢呼着。
8、当if 引导的虚拟条件句中含有had, were,should 等时,如果将if省略,则要将had, were, should 等移到主语前面,构成部分倒装结构。如:
Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.
若你昨天来,就能见到他了。
Were it not because of your help,I would still be homeless.
要不是因为你帮我,我会依旧无家可归。
9、以表示频率的副词或短语(often, many a time, now and then, once a week等)开头的句子中,要使用部分倒装结构。如:
Many a time has Mr. Green given me good advice.
格林先生多次給我好的建议。
10、在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
May you all have a good time. 祝你们都玩的开心。
参考文献:
[1]薄冰 《英语常见共性问题解答》 ,商务印书馆国际有限公司,2008
[2]赵振才 《初高中英语考点难点详解词典》 ,世界图书出版西安公司,2005
[3]张道真 《实用英语语法》 , 外语教学与研究出版社,1997
[4]赵振才 《英语常见共性问题解答大词典》 ,清华大学出版社, 2002
[5]杨镇明 《英语疑难词典》 ,外语教学与研究出版社, 1997