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间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是当前在多种组织再生和细胞治疗研究中被最广泛采用的一类干细胞。但如何诱导MSCs的体外高效扩增并维持其干性特征(stemness),从而为临床应用提供充足、优质的细胞源,是当前基础研究和临床治疗中遇到的瓶颈问题。日益增多的研究表明,机体内干细胞的自我更新与分化受其所处体内微环境的紧密调控。因此,精确模拟干细胞在体内生长的微环境已成为提高干细胞体外扩增效率的重要策略。该文就近期研究中如何模拟干细胞生长微环境诱导MSCs体外扩增并维持干细胞特性的研究做一综述,为今后MSCs的高效扩增和推进临床运用与转化提供思路。
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most commonly used type of stem cells in many tissue regeneration and cell therapy studies. However, how to induce MSCs to proliferate efficiently and maintain their stemness in vitro so as to provide adequate and high-quality cell sources for clinical application is a bottleneck in the current basic research and clinical treatment. Increasing research shows that the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells in the body is closely regulated by the microenvironment in vivo. Therefore, accurately simulating the microenvironment in which stem cells grow in vivo has become an important strategy for enhancing the efficiency of stem cell expansion in vitro. In this review, we reviewed the recent researches on how to simulate the stem cell growth microenvironment and induce the expansion of MSCs in vitro and to maintain the characteristics of stem cells. This study provides a new idea for the efficient expansion of MSCs and the promotion of clinical application and transformation in the future.