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采用初冬和春季移栽对比试验,定期测定土壤含水量、生长发育指标、药材产量和质量指标,旨在探寻地道产区蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)最佳移栽季节。结果表明:与春栽田比较,冬栽田20cm土层内土壤含水量在苗栽返青期显著增高,而40cm以下土层土壤含水量在生长后期显著降低;苗栽返青和开花分别提早10d和13d,返青出苗势、出苗率和出苗指数分别提高32.6%、4.4%和0.2497,返青株成活率提高5.0%,有效延长了黄芪生长天数,为药材根的生长和有效成分积累奠定了良好的营养生长基础。初冬栽和春栽田成药根数分别为201 087根·hm-2和181 250根·hm-2,一等品出成率分别为24.02%和19.69%,药材鲜产量分别为5 400kg·hm-2和5 057kg·hm-2;黄芪甲苷含量分别为0.121%和0.098%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量分别为0.080%和0.052%,水溶性浸出物含量分别为27.62%和25.54%。初冬移栽黄芪成效更为显著,建议规范化生产中合理调整移栽季节,提倡初冬移栽。
Using the contrast test of early winter and spring transplanting, soil moisture content, growth and development index, medicinal material yield and quality index were determined regularly to explore the best transplanting season of Astragalus membranaceus var. Mongholicus. The results showed that compared with the spring planting field, the soil water content in the 20cm soil layer of winter-planting field increased significantly during the green-returning stage, while the soil water content below 40cm soil layer decreased significantly in the late growth stage. The greening and flowering of seedling were 10 days earlier and On the 13th day, the seedling emergence rate, emergence rate and emergence index increased by 32.6%, 4.4% and 0.2497, respectively. The survival rate of returning green plants increased by 5.0%, which effectively prolonged the growth days of Astragalus membranaceus and laid good nutrition for the growth of root and the accumulation of effective components The basis of growth. The root numbers of early winter and spring planting fields were 201 087 roots · hm-2 and 181 250 roots · hm-2, respectively. The yield of first-class products was 24.02% and 19.69%, respectively. The fresh yield of medicinal herbs was respectively 5 400 kg · hm -2 and 5 057kg · hm-2 respectively. The content of Astragaloside was 0.121% and 0.098% respectively, and the contents of calycosin glucosidase were 0.080% and 0.052% respectively. The contents of water-soluble extract were 27.62% and 25.54% respectively. Early winter transplanting Astragalus more effective results, it is recommended that standardized production of transplanting season to adjust and promote early winter transplanting.