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采用大田试验,探讨了普通耕作、深松、秸秆覆盖、保水剂与氮肥(0、120、240 kg/hm~2N)相结合对小麦耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响,以期找出潮土区小麦高产的合理保墒施肥模式。结果表明:总体上氮肥用量适中时,小麦全生育期的总耗水量较大,而不施氮肥和氮肥用量较大时,小麦耗水量较低,其中以秸秆覆盖处理最低。随氮肥用量的增加,总体上小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率均表现为先增后降的趋势,而叶片水分利用效率随氮肥用量的增加而提高。各处理以处理6(深松+120 kg/hm~2N)的净光合速率最高,以处理10(深松+240 kg/hm~2N)和处理11(秸秆覆盖+240 kg/hm~2N)的叶片水分利用效率较高。各保墒措施均显著提高了小麦产量和水分生产效率。小麦产量随氮肥用量的增加先增加后降低,以处理6最高,较对照(普通耕作)提高30.5%,其次为处理8(保水剂+120 kg/hm~2N),两者差异不显著,之后为处理7(秸秆覆盖+120 kg/hm~2N)、处理10、处理11;但水分生产效率以处理11最高,较对照提高50.4%,其次为处理10、处理8,三者差异显著。
The effects of general tillage, subsoiling, straw mulching, water retaining agent and nitrogen fertilizer (0,120,240 kg / hm ~ 2N) on the water consumption, yield and water production efficiency of wheat were discussed in this paper. Reasonable Soil Moisture and Fertility Mode with High Yield of Wheat in Soil Region. The results showed that when the amount of nitrogen fertilizer was moderate, the total water consumption during the whole growth period of wheat was larger, but when the amount of nitrogen and nitrogen were higher, the water consumption of wheat was lower, and the straw mulching treatment was the lowest. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of wheat all showed the trend of first increase and then decrease, while the water use efficiency of leaf increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The highest net photosynthetic rate was the highest in treatments 6 (subsoiling +120 kg / hm ~ 2N), and the highest net photosynthetic rate in treatments 10 (subsoiling +240 kg / hm ~ 2N) and treatment11 The leaves have higher water use efficiency. All conservation measures significantly increased wheat yield and water production efficiency. The yield of wheat increased at first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, which was the highest in treatment 6, increased by 30.5% compared with the control (general farming), followed by treatment 8 (water retention agent +120 kg / hm ~ 2N) For the treatment of 7 (straw mulching +120 kg / hm ~ 2N), treatment 10, treatment 11; but the water production efficiency to the highest treatment 11, compared with the control increased 50.4%, followed by treatment 10, treatment 8, the three significant differences.