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车顶绝缘子是动车组的重要绝缘设备,其表面电位分布不均或场强过高可能会导致局部放电,因此有必要对其电场分布特性及其影响因素进行研究。笔者选择Ansys有限元分析软件,建立三维电场仿真模型,对动车组高压隔离开关绝缘子实际结构进行了计算分析。仿真结果表明:绝缘子高压端场强高,随着爬电距离的增大,其下降速度有减小趋势;绝缘子沿周向电位及电场分布存在差异性,随着爬电距离的增大,差异性逐渐减小;车顶导流罩对绝缘子沿面电位及电场分布影响甚微;高压隔离闸刀对绝缘子沿面电位及电场的影响主要体现在1号绝缘子0°方向,其次是2号绝缘子180°方向;高压隔离导杆对1号绝缘子沿面电位及电场分布影响较小,但对2号绝缘子影响较大。文中结果可为仿真模型简化及降低绝缘子端部场强提供依据。
Roof insulator is an important insulation equipment for EMU. The uneven distribution of surface potential or high field strength may lead to partial discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to study its electric field distribution characteristics and its influencing factors. The author chooses Ansys finite element analysis software, builds the three-dimensional electric field simulation model, carries on the computation analysis to the actual structure of the EMU high voltage isolating switch insulator. The simulation results show that the field strength of insulator at high voltage is high, and the descending speed decreases with the increase of creepage distance. The distribution of insulator potential and electric field in the circumferential direction is different. With the increase of creepage distance, The roof shroud has little effect on the creeping potential and electric field distribution of the insulator; the influence of the high-voltage isolation knife on the creeping potential and the electric field of the insulator is mainly reflected in the direction of 0 ° insulator 1, followed by the insulator 2 of 180 ° Direction; the high-voltage isolating guide rod has little effect on the surface potential and electric field distribution of No. 1 insulator, but has a greater impact on No. 2 insulator. The results in this paper can provide the basis for simplifying the simulation model and reducing the field strength at the insulator end.