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目的:研究严重大气污染暴露下细颗粒物及污染气体对大鼠喉黏膜的急性损伤情况。方法:将15只健康SPF级SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、气体暴露组和细颗粒物+气体暴露组。正常对照组为不做任何暴露处理的健康SPF级大鼠,气体暴露组的大鼠在A暴露舱中暴露于滤过了颗粒物后的气体污染物,细颗粒物+气体暴露组的大鼠在B暴露舱中暴露于细颗粒物及气体污染物,2个实验组的暴露时间均为6d。在2个实验组大鼠结束暴露后同时对3组大鼠取材。经苏木精-伊红染色后在光镜下观察大鼠喉部黏膜细胞的一般形态结构,采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测大鼠喉部黏膜IL-1β的表达情况,透射电镜下观察细胞超微结构的改变。结果:苏木精-伊红染色显示正常对照组大鼠喉黏膜细胞无明显异常,而2个实验组的大鼠喉黏膜有不同程度的细胞增生、细胞的极性发生改变。免疫组织化学的结果:正常对照组未见明显的IL-1β阳性表达,2个实验组的大鼠喉黏膜在暴露后IL-1β的表达均为阳性。对细胞的超微结构进行观察,发现正常对照组无明显异常,2个实验组的大鼠部分喉黏膜细胞中出现细胞核形态不规则、线粒体空泡化等损伤。结论:大鼠在严重污染大气中的细颗粒物及污染气体中暴露6d,其喉黏膜可发生急性损伤。
OBJECTIVE: To study the acute injury of rat laryngeal mucosa by fine particles and polluted air under the exposure of severe air pollution. Methods: Fifteen healthy SPF SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, gas exposure group and fine particulate matter + gas exposure group. The normal control group was healthy SPF rats without any exposure. The rats in the gas exposure group were exposed to the air pollutants after the particulate matter was filtered in the A exposure chamber. The rats in the exposure group B Exposed modules exposed to fine particles and gaseous pollutants, two experimental groups were exposed for 6d. Three rats were harvested at the same time after the end of exposure in two experimental groups. The morphology of rat laryngeal mucosa cells was observed under light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of IL-1β in rat laryngeal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Microstructure changes. Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there was no obvious abnormality in the laryngeal mucosal cells in normal control group, while the laryngeal mucosa in two experimental groups had different degree of cell proliferation and polarity change. The result of immunohistochemistry showed that there was no obvious expression of IL-1β in the normal control group, and the positive expression of IL-1β in the two groups of experimental rats after exposure. The ultrastructure of the cells were observed and found no significant abnormalities in the normal control group, two experimental groups of rat part of the laryngeal mucosal cells appeared irregular nuclear morphology, mitochondria and other damage. Conclusion: The rat exposed to fine particles and polluted air in the seriously polluted air for 6 days could cause acute damage to the laryngeal mucosa.