论文部分内容阅读
严格责任产生于19世纪末20世纪初的英美国家,其自身经历了一个由绝对走向相对的过程。英美法系国家的法官在司法实践中通过一系列的制度设计对绝对严格责任加以修正,使严格责任更容易为公众所接受,趋于合理化。严格责任产生的思想基础是功利主义和实证主义,其理论依据是确保一些维护公众重大利益的法律得以实施,有效预防特定犯罪,节约诉讼资源。其适用能够有效提升司法效率、降低司法成本,保护公共健康,确保多数人的安全和福利,并进一步起到刑罚预防犯罪的作用。
Strict responsibility originated in the Anglo-American countries from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, which itself experienced a process from absolute to relative. In common law jurisdictions, judges in Anglo-American countries make amendments to the absolute strict liability in a series of system designs in judicial practice, making it easier for the strict liability to be accepted by the public and tend to be rationalized. The ideological foundation of strict liability is utilitarianism and positivism. Its theoretical basis is to ensure that some laws that safeguard the vital interests of the public are implemented, effectively prevent certain crimes and save litigation resources. Its application can effectively enhance judicial efficiency, reduce judicial costs, protect public health, ensure the safety and welfare of the majority and further serve as a punishment crime prevention.