论文部分内容阅读
什么是汉语的语法?不同的时代、不同的角度可以有不同的回答。立足于汉语研究及中文教学的当下与未来,本文提出:汉语的语法可以由不同的范畴来组成,但必须是“有之不必然,无之必不然”的结果。每一范畴均有非法对象,所以它们各司其职而不能彼此替代。这就构成了本文讨论的汉语语法的体系。简言之,即:形式语法(以结构主义、形式科学为基础)、功能语法(以语义结构和语义限制为基础)、韵律语法(以韵律构词学和韵律句法学为基础)、语体语法(以交际原理为基础,如“二元对立”“语体风雅颂三分”等)、操练语法(以形式-功能对应律和二语习得原理为基础)。文章指出:上述各个范畴中语法的独立性必须严格建立在“语法合法性”的基础之上;它们相辅相成,缺一不可,共同组成一个统一的语法体系,在二语教学中可以供“三一语法”借鉴和使用。
What is the Chinese grammar? Different times, different angles can have different answers. Based on the present and the future of Chinese studies and Chinese teaching, this paper proposes that the grammar of Chinese can be composed of different categories, but it must be the result of “unavoidable” or “inevitable”. Each category has an illegitimate object, so they do their job and can not substitute each other. This constitutes the system of Chinese grammar discussed in this article. In short: formal grammar (based on structuralism, formal science), functional grammar (based on semantic structure and semantic restrictions), prosodic grammar (based on prosodic word formation and prosodic grammar), stylistic Grammar (based on communicative principles such as “duality”, “syllabuses”, etc.), practice grammar (based on formal-function correspondence and second language acquisition). The article points out that the independence of grammar in each category above must be based strictly on the basis of “grammatical legitimacy”; they complement each other and make up a unified grammar system, “Trinity grammar ” for reference and use.