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一、每日与间歇给药的不良反应 1.皮肤反应:面颈部潮红有时作痒或全身皮疹,发生率可达5%。如反应持续存在需行脱敏。脱敏前先用攻击剂量来确定引起过敏的药物。攻击量为第一日150mg,如无反应第二日用300mg。仅对上述攻击量出现反应者需行脱敏,脱敏通常在1周内完成,由于结核病治疗初期可能迅速出现对利福平的耐药性,故脱敏同时应加用其他对病人无过敏性的化疗药物。 2.胃肠道反应:包括食欲减退、(口恶)心、轻度腹痛,偶有呕吐及腹泻。反应一般不重。空腹服药发生反应者可改到餐后服用。少数患者由于胃肠道反应不能耐受,必须停药。 3.肝炎:不常见,约1%。患者全身不适、(口恶)心、食欲不振,可能出现黄疸。应住院检查肝功能(特别是转氨酶及胆红质)并给予支持治疗。常可完全恢复,肝功能正常后可再用此药但需复查肝功能,
First, the daily and intermittent adverse drug reactions 1. Skin reactions: face and neck flushing sometimes itchy or systemic rash, the incidence of up to 5%. If the reaction persists need desensitization. Desensitization with the first dose to determine the cause of allergic drugs. Attack on the first day 150mg, if no reaction the second day with 300mg. Only those who react to the amount of those who need to desensitization, desensitization is usually completed within 1 week, due to tuberculosis early treatment may appear rifampicin resistance, so desensitization should also be added with other patients without allergies Sexual chemotherapy drugs. 2. Gastrointestinal reactions: including loss of appetite, (bad breath) heart, mild abdominal pain, occasional vomiting and diarrhea. The reaction is generally not heavy. Fasting medication can be changed to take after meal. A small number of patients due to gastrointestinal reactions can not tolerate, we must discontinue. 3. Hepatitis: uncommon, about 1%. Patients with general malaise, (mouth evil) heart, loss of appetite, jaundice may occur. Should be hospitalized to check liver function (especially transaminases and bilirubin) and give supportive treatment. Often can be completely restored, normal liver function can be reused after the drug but need to review the liver function,