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“江南無所有,聊赠一枝春。”在最美的江南杭州,能担当这一枚“春”者,非西湖龙井莫属!正是春茶采摘好时节,我在杭州梅家坞品鉴新茶时,看到茶室中竟有一本旧书《春茶》,我眼睛为之一亮。这是著名作家陈学昭的长篇小说呵!《春茶》就是她在这里深入到基层和茶区群众打成一片的可贵的成果。
新中国成立后,陈学昭已是全国妇联执行委员、全国政协委员、中国文联和作协的委员与理事,可是她却放弃了留北京的机会,主动要求回到家乡浙江,参加浙江大学的接管工作并任教。后又在担任浙江省人民政府委员会常委、省文联副主席等职务的情况下,放弃了机关的舒适生活,长期落户在西湖区的梅家坞茶乡。中国是产茶大国,浙江是名茶之都,像陈学昭那样长期深入茶区,和茶农亲如一家的作家,并写出《春茶》这样名著的,至今还没有第二人。
说来也巧,陈学昭于1906年4月17日出生,正是春茶采摘时节。陈学昭是浙江海宁盐官镇人。她出生于书香门第,自幼阅读古代诗文、小说和戏曲。在海宁高小毕业后,入南通女子师范,半年后转入上海爱国女学文科。1923年毕业后,参加浅草社。应上海《时报》征文,写作散文《我所希望的新妇女》,代表了早期女性追求的心声。她最早接近的是戈公振、茅盾、瞿秋白、杨之华、周建人、郑振铎等进步文化人和党的早期革命家,因而走上了革命的道路。1925年初出版第一部散文集《倦旅》。同年夏天到北京大学旁听,在京沪报刊上发表散文,后结集成《寸草心》《烟霞伴侣》两本散文集。
为求知、为独立生活,陈学昭1927年5月22日乘邮船阿朵斯二号赴法国求学。1929年出版了第一部长篇小说《南风的梦》。在法国,为《大公报》、《生活》周刊撰稿,同时埋头读书,大量阅读名家的剧本和诗歌。但丁、莫里哀、伏尔泰、歌德、海涅、巴尔扎克、易卜生的作品为她所喜爱。她在法国获克莱蒙大学文学博士学位后,于1935年回国。
陈学昭前后两次去延安,第一次于1938年8月到延安各处采访,并撰写了《延安访问记》。待了近一年,离开延安返重庆。1940年冬再度赴延安,先后任《解放日报》编辑和中央党校文化教员。1942年5月23日,陈学昭在杨家岭参加了延安文艺座谈会,亲聆毛泽东同志的讲话。1945年7月14日,她光荣地加入了中国共产党。
弥漫的烽火终于过去,抗战胜利后陈学昭赴东北,曾任《东北日报》副刊主编。1949年大连新中国书局出版了她的长篇小说《工作着是美丽的》上册。1953年11月,中国妇女代表团赴苏联访问,陈学昭是代表团成员之一。代表团带着她著的《工作着是美丽的》一书,作为礼品赠送给苏联妇女界。
到了晚年,陈学昭又写了《工作着是美丽的》下册,1979年10月与《工作着是美丽的》上册合在一起,由浙江人民出版社出版。
陈学昭对新生的共和国是一往情深的。访苏回来,她一头扎进茶区深入生活。为了工作方便,组织上让她担任梅家坞党支部组织委员,负责梅家坞建党工作。在那里,她了解了许多茶农生活,了解到茶乡一些基层干部的个性和思想。渐渐地,茶农在合作化过程中的喜怒哀乐在陈学昭头脑中清晰起来,一个个鲜活的人物和一个个想象中的艺术形象,慢慢地成熟了。她铺开稿纸,开始写作《春茶》。
浙江省委为了让陈学昭有个比较安定的写作环境,专门选择了两个地方让她挑选。陈学昭选了赤山埠法相巷的半山腰(今法相巷18号)一处房子,稍加整理,添些家具,又买了一架旧钢琴。陈学昭总算有了一个安定的住所,这个地方让她满意,一则安静,没有市区的喧嚣;二则此地就在茶区附近,距离她的生活基地很近。1956年整整一年,她全身心地投入《春茶》的写作。
她曾参加中央慰问团,随陈叔通老先生等一些知名人士一起去慰问宁波、舟山的解放军。慰问回来,已是1955年夏天了。紧接着,中国作协通知陈学昭去北京学习。其间,中国作协又派她陪同法国作家萨特和女作家特波娃访问中国。在北京访问了作家丁玲、老舍,在上海访问了巴金,在广州受到作家欧阳山的接待。在国庆佳节来临时,陈学昭陪法国作家出席国宴,并介绍给毛泽东主席和陈毅。
长篇小说《春茶》,以狮岭村为中心,描写农业生产合作社的诞生、巩固和发展过程中遇到的种种艰难曲折,塑造了沈大达、沈瑞珍兄妹和赵小毛、唐开祥等先进农民的形象,并通过描述前后担任大队党支部书记的杨达生、杨达祥兄弟的蜕变,生动地反映出我国农村中各种类型人物不同的思想、感情,及其所走的道路,有着深刻的现实意义。
作品对茶乡普通人家世俗的家庭生活的描写,对青年男女的恋爱与婚姻生活的描绘是质朴、自然、生活化的。
《春茶》这本书是美丽的。茅盾先生为该书题写书名;著名版画家赵宗藻绘制插图,而著名装帧设计家邵秉坤为此书设计的封面清新雅致,充盈着西湖茶乡风貌和艺术气息。
我读《春茶》,总感到作品文笔朴素、秀美、细腻,读来非常亲切,一股浓郁的乡土气息扑面而来,犹如一幅幅淡雅的素描,展现出江南茶区的生活画面。
译介外国优秀的文学作品是陈学昭整个文学创作的一部分。法国巴尔扎克剧本《伏德昂》,经她翻译后于1946年由东北书店出版。陈学昭翻译的屠格涅夫的中篇小说《阿细雅》于1929年出版,那是屠格涅夫小说世界里富有光彩的作品。
陈学昭在法国期间还翻译了法国诗人Geraldy的诗作寄回国内,在《小说月报》上发表。在延安期间,陈学昭在繁忙的工作之余,翻译了不少文艺理论和文艺作品,如《列宁与文学及其他》《戏剧家高尔基》《A·契诃夫》及托尔斯泰、爱伦堡等作家的作品,在延安文艺界漾起一缕别样的清风!
新中国成立后,陈学昭在翻译上致力于童话的译介。1956年翻译的《鲶鱼奥斯加历险记》在当年第二期《译文》杂志发表后,同年由中国少儿出版社出版。她的另一本童话集《〈噼——啪〉及其他故事》,原著为法国爱德华·拉布莱依的六篇童话,1979年由浙江人民出版社出版。在这半个世纪译介过程中,我们可以看到陈学昭这位五四时期成长起来的老作家对人类充满着爱、对未来充满着希望。 1981年3月廣州花城出版社出版的陈学昭的《浮沉杂忆》,于1990年由美国汉学家金介甫先生作序,悌华(TiHua)和卡罗利娜·葛海纳(Caroline Greene)两位女士译成英文在美国出版。
陈学昭的女儿陈亚男在《陈学昭》一书的序言中写道:“母亲辛勤创作六十八年,留下四百多万字的作品及译著,体裁较为广泛,有小说、散文、诗歌、评论等。著有长篇小说《工作着是美丽的》《春茶》,散文《倦旅》《忆巴黎》,回忆录《天涯归客》《浮沉杂忆》《如水年华》,报告文学《延安访问记》,翻译作品《列宁与文学及其他》、《〈噼——啪〉及其他故事》等。”
1991年5月26日,陈学昭最后一次来到茶乡,与茶农欢聚叙谈,最后一次在西湖边漫步。9月20日她病倒了,10月10日病逝于杭州浙江医院。她经历了漫长曲折坎坷的85年人生之路。
陈亚男为《陈学昭》一书的出版,从众多照片中精选出50幅,“虽然不多,却是母亲人生的缩影。这些照片赋予我深远美好的想象的空间,夹带着海宁潮水浸润的气息,弥漫着来自异国的温馨和芳香,心中飘逸着对革命圣地延安的憧憬和向往……”
陈学昭在晚年对好友说,从前,为了生活而写作;现在,为写作而生活。
是的,为人民而工作,工作着是美丽的;为人民而写作,写作着是美丽的。
我翻看着这本《春茶》,作者在全书的结尾这样写
着——
“满山碧绿的茶蓬,数不尽的嫩芽,也像这些欢乐的茶农一样,在暖意洋溢的春风里充满着朝气,准备迎接这个繁荣的春茶季节!”
Reading Spring Tea in Springtime
By Er Jing
It was a spring day that I lounged at a teahouse at Meijiawu, a quiet and scenic rural hangout in the immediate suburb of Hangzhou for people to get away from the city’s madding noise. To my surprise, I spotted among the books and magazines stacked in a corner of the teahouse. The book reminded me of the author Chen Xuezhao (1906-1991) who penned it in the 1950s, featuring tea farmers around the West Lake, Hangzhou.
Chen was born into a family of intellectuals in Haining near Hangzhou. She grew up with books and made herself known as a promising writer in her late teens in Shanghai. Before she was twenty, she published two collections of essays. From 1927 to 1935, she studied in France. During her stay there, she wrote her first novel and contributed articles to news media back home. She came back to China with a PhD degree. She first visited Yan’an, the central base of the Communists in 1938. Her first stay lasted nearly a year. She came back to Yan’an again in 1940, working as an editor at Liberation Daily and teacher at the Central Party School. In short she made contribution to the success of the revolution and to the founding the People’s Republic of China.
In the 1950s she was a key member of the executive committee of All China Women’s Federation, deputy of the CPPCC, and a director of China Writers’ Association and China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. She was supposed to stay in Beijing to perform as a high-ranking government official, but she decided to come back to Zhejiang and teach at Zhejiang University. She chose not to work in office and lived in Meijiawu for a long while. She got to know local residents gradually. The experience planted a seed in her heart of writing a novel about them. Back then, the provincial government offered her two choices for a house near the tea-farming area around the West Lake. She chose a house on a hill slope. She moved into it after it was repaired and got a piano and some simple furniture. She liked her new home very much for two reasons: the location gave her a quiet living far away from the city proper and it wasn’t far from tea farmers of Meijiawu. She spent the whole year of 1956 writing the novel. It tells how some local farmers organize themselves into a co-op and what they experience in the young and new China. The novel also touches upon the themes such as love and marriage. It depicts characters well and portrays the rural life vividly. Mao Dun wrote the book title in calligraphy. Zhao Zongzao, a famed printmaker, created illustrations and the book layout was designed by Shao Bingkun, who worked for Cultural Dialogue in the 1990s. I enjoyed reading it.
Compared to novel writing, Chen Xuezhao dedicated more time to translation. During her studies in France, she translated some poems of Paul Geraldy, a French poet of modern life, and published them in a literary magazine in China. She translated more during her stay in Yan’an. Her translations gave the literary and art circles in Yan’an a lot of things to think and talk about.
After 1949, Chen chose to translate stories for children. One long translation was published in 1956 and the last one was a collection of stories for children published in 1979. Her daughter comments that her mother wrote 68 years and published quite a lot. Chen Xuezhao wrote novels, essays, poems, and reviews. In her evening years, she commented once that she wrote to make a living at first and now she lived to write.
Chen published her memoir in 1981. It was translated into English by Ti Hua and Caroline Greene in 1990 and published in USA.
Her last meeting with local tea farmers was on May 26, 1991. She chatted with them and took a stroll along the West Lake. She fell ill on September 20 and passed away on October 10 at the age of 85.
新中国成立后,陈学昭已是全国妇联执行委员、全国政协委员、中国文联和作协的委员与理事,可是她却放弃了留北京的机会,主动要求回到家乡浙江,参加浙江大学的接管工作并任教。后又在担任浙江省人民政府委员会常委、省文联副主席等职务的情况下,放弃了机关的舒适生活,长期落户在西湖区的梅家坞茶乡。中国是产茶大国,浙江是名茶之都,像陈学昭那样长期深入茶区,和茶农亲如一家的作家,并写出《春茶》这样名著的,至今还没有第二人。
说来也巧,陈学昭于1906年4月17日出生,正是春茶采摘时节。陈学昭是浙江海宁盐官镇人。她出生于书香门第,自幼阅读古代诗文、小说和戏曲。在海宁高小毕业后,入南通女子师范,半年后转入上海爱国女学文科。1923年毕业后,参加浅草社。应上海《时报》征文,写作散文《我所希望的新妇女》,代表了早期女性追求的心声。她最早接近的是戈公振、茅盾、瞿秋白、杨之华、周建人、郑振铎等进步文化人和党的早期革命家,因而走上了革命的道路。1925年初出版第一部散文集《倦旅》。同年夏天到北京大学旁听,在京沪报刊上发表散文,后结集成《寸草心》《烟霞伴侣》两本散文集。
为求知、为独立生活,陈学昭1927年5月22日乘邮船阿朵斯二号赴法国求学。1929年出版了第一部长篇小说《南风的梦》。在法国,为《大公报》、《生活》周刊撰稿,同时埋头读书,大量阅读名家的剧本和诗歌。但丁、莫里哀、伏尔泰、歌德、海涅、巴尔扎克、易卜生的作品为她所喜爱。她在法国获克莱蒙大学文学博士学位后,于1935年回国。
陈学昭前后两次去延安,第一次于1938年8月到延安各处采访,并撰写了《延安访问记》。待了近一年,离开延安返重庆。1940年冬再度赴延安,先后任《解放日报》编辑和中央党校文化教员。1942年5月23日,陈学昭在杨家岭参加了延安文艺座谈会,亲聆毛泽东同志的讲话。1945年7月14日,她光荣地加入了中国共产党。
弥漫的烽火终于过去,抗战胜利后陈学昭赴东北,曾任《东北日报》副刊主编。1949年大连新中国书局出版了她的长篇小说《工作着是美丽的》上册。1953年11月,中国妇女代表团赴苏联访问,陈学昭是代表团成员之一。代表团带着她著的《工作着是美丽的》一书,作为礼品赠送给苏联妇女界。
到了晚年,陈学昭又写了《工作着是美丽的》下册,1979年10月与《工作着是美丽的》上册合在一起,由浙江人民出版社出版。
陈学昭对新生的共和国是一往情深的。访苏回来,她一头扎进茶区深入生活。为了工作方便,组织上让她担任梅家坞党支部组织委员,负责梅家坞建党工作。在那里,她了解了许多茶农生活,了解到茶乡一些基层干部的个性和思想。渐渐地,茶农在合作化过程中的喜怒哀乐在陈学昭头脑中清晰起来,一个个鲜活的人物和一个个想象中的艺术形象,慢慢地成熟了。她铺开稿纸,开始写作《春茶》。
浙江省委为了让陈学昭有个比较安定的写作环境,专门选择了两个地方让她挑选。陈学昭选了赤山埠法相巷的半山腰(今法相巷18号)一处房子,稍加整理,添些家具,又买了一架旧钢琴。陈学昭总算有了一个安定的住所,这个地方让她满意,一则安静,没有市区的喧嚣;二则此地就在茶区附近,距离她的生活基地很近。1956年整整一年,她全身心地投入《春茶》的写作。
她曾参加中央慰问团,随陈叔通老先生等一些知名人士一起去慰问宁波、舟山的解放军。慰问回来,已是1955年夏天了。紧接着,中国作协通知陈学昭去北京学习。其间,中国作协又派她陪同法国作家萨特和女作家特波娃访问中国。在北京访问了作家丁玲、老舍,在上海访问了巴金,在广州受到作家欧阳山的接待。在国庆佳节来临时,陈学昭陪法国作家出席国宴,并介绍给毛泽东主席和陈毅。
长篇小说《春茶》,以狮岭村为中心,描写农业生产合作社的诞生、巩固和发展过程中遇到的种种艰难曲折,塑造了沈大达、沈瑞珍兄妹和赵小毛、唐开祥等先进农民的形象,并通过描述前后担任大队党支部书记的杨达生、杨达祥兄弟的蜕变,生动地反映出我国农村中各种类型人物不同的思想、感情,及其所走的道路,有着深刻的现实意义。
作品对茶乡普通人家世俗的家庭生活的描写,对青年男女的恋爱与婚姻生活的描绘是质朴、自然、生活化的。
《春茶》这本书是美丽的。茅盾先生为该书题写书名;著名版画家赵宗藻绘制插图,而著名装帧设计家邵秉坤为此书设计的封面清新雅致,充盈着西湖茶乡风貌和艺术气息。
我读《春茶》,总感到作品文笔朴素、秀美、细腻,读来非常亲切,一股浓郁的乡土气息扑面而来,犹如一幅幅淡雅的素描,展现出江南茶区的生活画面。
译介外国优秀的文学作品是陈学昭整个文学创作的一部分。法国巴尔扎克剧本《伏德昂》,经她翻译后于1946年由东北书店出版。陈学昭翻译的屠格涅夫的中篇小说《阿细雅》于1929年出版,那是屠格涅夫小说世界里富有光彩的作品。
陈学昭在法国期间还翻译了法国诗人Geraldy的诗作寄回国内,在《小说月报》上发表。在延安期间,陈学昭在繁忙的工作之余,翻译了不少文艺理论和文艺作品,如《列宁与文学及其他》《戏剧家高尔基》《A·契诃夫》及托尔斯泰、爱伦堡等作家的作品,在延安文艺界漾起一缕别样的清风!
新中国成立后,陈学昭在翻译上致力于童话的译介。1956年翻译的《鲶鱼奥斯加历险记》在当年第二期《译文》杂志发表后,同年由中国少儿出版社出版。她的另一本童话集《〈噼——啪〉及其他故事》,原著为法国爱德华·拉布莱依的六篇童话,1979年由浙江人民出版社出版。在这半个世纪译介过程中,我们可以看到陈学昭这位五四时期成长起来的老作家对人类充满着爱、对未来充满着希望。 1981年3月廣州花城出版社出版的陈学昭的《浮沉杂忆》,于1990年由美国汉学家金介甫先生作序,悌华(TiHua)和卡罗利娜·葛海纳(Caroline Greene)两位女士译成英文在美国出版。
陈学昭的女儿陈亚男在《陈学昭》一书的序言中写道:“母亲辛勤创作六十八年,留下四百多万字的作品及译著,体裁较为广泛,有小说、散文、诗歌、评论等。著有长篇小说《工作着是美丽的》《春茶》,散文《倦旅》《忆巴黎》,回忆录《天涯归客》《浮沉杂忆》《如水年华》,报告文学《延安访问记》,翻译作品《列宁与文学及其他》、《〈噼——啪〉及其他故事》等。”
1991年5月26日,陈学昭最后一次来到茶乡,与茶农欢聚叙谈,最后一次在西湖边漫步。9月20日她病倒了,10月10日病逝于杭州浙江医院。她经历了漫长曲折坎坷的85年人生之路。
陈亚男为《陈学昭》一书的出版,从众多照片中精选出50幅,“虽然不多,却是母亲人生的缩影。这些照片赋予我深远美好的想象的空间,夹带着海宁潮水浸润的气息,弥漫着来自异国的温馨和芳香,心中飘逸着对革命圣地延安的憧憬和向往……”
陈学昭在晚年对好友说,从前,为了生活而写作;现在,为写作而生活。
是的,为人民而工作,工作着是美丽的;为人民而写作,写作着是美丽的。
我翻看着这本《春茶》,作者在全书的结尾这样写
着——
“满山碧绿的茶蓬,数不尽的嫩芽,也像这些欢乐的茶农一样,在暖意洋溢的春风里充满着朝气,准备迎接这个繁荣的春茶季节!”
Reading Spring Tea in Springtime
By Er Jing
It was a spring day that I lounged at a teahouse at Meijiawu, a quiet and scenic rural hangout in the immediate suburb of Hangzhou for people to get away from the city’s madding noise. To my surprise, I spotted among the books and magazines stacked in a corner of the teahouse. The book reminded me of the author Chen Xuezhao (1906-1991) who penned it in the 1950s, featuring tea farmers around the West Lake, Hangzhou.
Chen was born into a family of intellectuals in Haining near Hangzhou. She grew up with books and made herself known as a promising writer in her late teens in Shanghai. Before she was twenty, she published two collections of essays. From 1927 to 1935, she studied in France. During her stay there, she wrote her first novel and contributed articles to news media back home. She came back to China with a PhD degree. She first visited Yan’an, the central base of the Communists in 1938. Her first stay lasted nearly a year. She came back to Yan’an again in 1940, working as an editor at Liberation Daily and teacher at the Central Party School. In short she made contribution to the success of the revolution and to the founding the People’s Republic of China.
In the 1950s she was a key member of the executive committee of All China Women’s Federation, deputy of the CPPCC, and a director of China Writers’ Association and China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. She was supposed to stay in Beijing to perform as a high-ranking government official, but she decided to come back to Zhejiang and teach at Zhejiang University. She chose not to work in office and lived in Meijiawu for a long while. She got to know local residents gradually. The experience planted a seed in her heart of writing a novel about them. Back then, the provincial government offered her two choices for a house near the tea-farming area around the West Lake. She chose a house on a hill slope. She moved into it after it was repaired and got a piano and some simple furniture. She liked her new home very much for two reasons: the location gave her a quiet living far away from the city proper and it wasn’t far from tea farmers of Meijiawu. She spent the whole year of 1956 writing the novel. It tells how some local farmers organize themselves into a co-op and what they experience in the young and new China. The novel also touches upon the themes such as love and marriage. It depicts characters well and portrays the rural life vividly. Mao Dun wrote the book title in calligraphy. Zhao Zongzao, a famed printmaker, created illustrations and the book layout was designed by Shao Bingkun, who worked for Cultural Dialogue in the 1990s. I enjoyed reading it.
Compared to novel writing, Chen Xuezhao dedicated more time to translation. During her studies in France, she translated some poems of Paul Geraldy, a French poet of modern life, and published them in a literary magazine in China. She translated more during her stay in Yan’an. Her translations gave the literary and art circles in Yan’an a lot of things to think and talk about.
After 1949, Chen chose to translate stories for children. One long translation was published in 1956 and the last one was a collection of stories for children published in 1979. Her daughter comments that her mother wrote 68 years and published quite a lot. Chen Xuezhao wrote novels, essays, poems, and reviews. In her evening years, she commented once that she wrote to make a living at first and now she lived to write.
Chen published her memoir in 1981. It was translated into English by Ti Hua and Caroline Greene in 1990 and published in USA.
Her last meeting with local tea farmers was on May 26, 1991. She chatted with them and took a stroll along the West Lake. She fell ill on September 20 and passed away on October 10 at the age of 85.