传染性心内膜炎难以诊断,治疗和预防。其临床症状可能很不典型,致使几周甚至数月还不能作出诊断。而具有临床症状的病人血培养可能阴性,导致误诊。即使使用如二维心动回声描记检查法这样最新的技术,也不能检出心瓣膜上的小赘生物。心瓣膜损害的状况妨碍了治疗。当心内膜上的血小板纤维蛋白形成物捕捉病原微生物时,心瓣膜的损害过程就开始;由此而形成一种慢慢增大的无血管赘生物。赘生物保护了细菌,使之不受抗生素、巨噬细胞和抗体的攻击。赘生物机械性地妨碍心脏的机能、释放出栓子和刺激免疫复合物的产生。这些变化过程的其中一个或多个可以使病人致死。很明显,阻止这种死亡的最好方法是预 Infectious endocarditis is difficult to diagnose, treat and prevent. The clinical symptoms may be very atypical, resulting in a few weeks or even months can not make a diagnosis. Patients with clinical symptoms may have negative blood cultures, leading to misdiagnosis. Even with the latest techniques such as two-dimensional echocardiography, small neoplasms on the heart valve can not be detected. Heart valve damage prevented the treatment. As soon as plaque fibrin formation on the intima traps pathogenic microorganisms, the process of heart valve damage begins; thus, a slowly growing avascular construct is formed. Neoplasms protect the bacteria from attack by antibiotics, macrophages and antibodies. Neoplasms mechanically interfere with the functioning of the heart, releasing emboli and stimulating the production of immune complexes. One or more of these changes can kill a patient. Obviously, the best way to stop such a death is to pre-empt