近年来,细胞免疫和体液免疫两种机制同时参与实体器官移植排斥反应的理论越来越被人们所认可。体液性排斥反应在不同实体器官移植中的表现及发生几率不同,如何诊断和监测体液性排斥反应的发生,是目前移植工作者所面临的一大难题。近年来一些研究发现,某些移植物毛细血管内C4d的 In recent years, both the cellular immunity and humoral immune mechanisms involved in solid organ transplant rejection theory has been more and more recognized. How to diagnose and monitor the occurrence of humoral rejection is a major challenge for transplant workers at present because of the different manifestation and occurrence probability of humoral rejection in different kinds of organ transplantation. In recent years, some studies have found that some of the graft C4d capillaries