一、居委会分层的社会背景和一般形态　　我国城市居委会源自于建国之初废除保甲制度后建立起来的冬防队等居民自治组织。为了将城市机关、企事业以外的“非单位”社区成员“组织起来”,时任中央政法委员会副主任、北京市市长的彭真于1953年6月8日向中央上报了《关于街道办事处 I. Social background and general form of neighborhood committees The urban neighborhood committees of our country originated from residents’ self-governing organizations such as the winter prevention team established after the abolition of the Baojia system at the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic. In order to “organize” the “non-unit” community members other than the urban authorities and enterprises, Peng Zhen, then deputy director of the Central Political and Legal Commission and the mayor of Beijing, reported to the Central Government on June 8, 1953,