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五、盛极而衰的清武英殿本清代是我国封建社会的末期,延续了二千年的封建制度虽然行将就木,但康、雍、乾三朝还是出现了空前繁盛的景象,其后江河日下,气息奄奄。所谓“同光中兴”,不过是垂死前的回光反照。这一过程,也是清代政府刻书事业的写照。清代官刻更加集中在中央内府。在明朝已走下坡路的国子监刻书,此时更加衰微,基本上成了存贮武英殿版的仓库。地方官刻远不如宋元明三朝,主要是编印地方志,其它书籍刻印很少,善本书更不多见。至于同治光绪年间的官书局,刻书质量相差悬殊,多数为降低成本,纸黄字密,不为后人所重。清代政府刻书的代表作是前期的内府武英殿本。关于武英殿设修书处的具体年代,《日下旧闻考》云:“康熙十九年(1680)始以武英殿内左右廊房共六十三楹为修书处。”而刘国钧、谢国帧二先生认为是康熙十二年(1673)。“武英殿修书处正监造员外郎、副监造、副内营令、六品库掌、委署、主事各一人、七品衔库掌二人。”修书处下设刷印、折配等六作,仅刷印作中就有“司匠、恩甲、领催、匠役、木匠、宛平县民、苏拉”等名目。据《武英殿聚
Fifth, the extremely prosperous Qing Wu Ying Temple The Qing Dynasty is the end of our feudal society, the continuation of the two thousand years of the feudal system, although approaching the wood, but Kang, Yong, dry three anomalies still appeared unprecedented prosperity, then the rivers and lakes, Breathless The so-called “Tongguang ZTE” is nothing but a retrospective before the dying. This process is also a portrayal of the cause of engraving in the Qing government. Officials in the Qing Dynasty more concentrated in the Central Government House. In the Ming Dynasty has been declining Guozijiang engraved book, this time even more decay, basically became a repository of Wu Yingdian warehouse. Local officials are far less inscribed than the Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, mainly local chronicles, other books are rarely inscribed, rare books more rare. As for the Tongzhi Emperor Guangxu during the official bookstores, there is a great difference between the quality of the engraving, mostly to reduce costs, yellow paper, not for posterity. The Qing dynasty government engraved masterpiece is the early WuWenDien this house. About the specific era of the Wu Yingdian repair book office, “under the old test” cloud: “Kangxi nineteen years (1680) to Wu Yingdian around the corridor a total of sixty-three 楹 for the office.” And Liu Guojun, Mr. Xie two frame that Is Kangxi twelve years (1673). “Wu Yingdian repair division is in charge of staffing Lang, deputy supervision, deputy Ying camp, six product library palm, commission, the main one of each person, seven goods title library palm two. For six works, only the brushwork there are ”Secretary Division, A, collar reminder, Carpenter, carpenter, Wanping County, Sura“ and other names. According to ”Wu Ying Hall together