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19世纪末20世纪初,美国发生了一场全国性的复杂多样的社会政治改革运动,即进步运动。它是进步派应对由快速工业化引发的诸多社会矛盾与弊端的产物。传统的观点认为,政府(包括联邦政府和地方政府)或总统在进步运动中扮演了至关重要的导向者与推动者的角色;而最高法院则扮演着保守的、退步的角色。事实上,最高法院与进步运动保持着复杂而微妙的关系:最高法院在坚持个人人身和财产权的基本政治原则下,对政府干预社会的活动以及公共管理权力给予了有限的支持。也就是说,最高法院在一定程度上参与并推动了进步运动。
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a nationwide complex and diverse social and political reform movement, the progressive movement, took place in the United States. It is the product of the progressive group in coping with many social contradictions and malpractices caused by rapid industrialization. The traditional view is that the government (including the federal and local governments) or the president plays a crucial role as director and promoter in the progressive movement, while the Supreme Court plays a conservative and regressive role. In fact, the Supreme Court maintains a complicated and delicate relationship with the Progressive Movement. The Supreme Court, with the basic political principle of individual personal and property rights, has given limited support to the government’s intervention in society and to the power of public administration. In other words, the Supreme Court to some extent, involved and promoted the progressive movement.