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合理的田间配置是农田生态系统可持续发展的前提。本研究采用能值理论与方法,分析2∶2玉米-大豆带状套作(M/S1)、1∶1玉米-大豆传统套作(M/S2)、玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)4种栽培模式下系统能值投入产出、环境负载率及可持续发展指数等指标,为优化农田配置提供依据。结果表明:4种栽培模式下能值投入表现为M/S2>M/S1>M>S,工业辅助能以肥料为主,可更新有机能以人工投入为主,能值产出表现为M/S1>M/S2>S>M;与玉米相比,大豆具有能值产出高、能值投入低、环境负载率小、可持续发展程度高等特点;经济效益表现为M/S1、M/S2、M显著高于S;可通过降低化肥投入,特别是磷、钾肥,减少耕作次数或深度,适当提高大豆密度,降低玉米种植密度,降低环境负载率,提高能值可持续发展指数,以优化M/S1栽培模式。
Reasonable field allocation of farmland ecosystem is the premise of sustainable development. In this study, we used the emergy theory and method to analyze the effects of 2: 2 maize-soybean belt intercropping (M / S1), 1: 1 maize- soybean traditional intercropping Under the four cultivation modes (S), such indicators as input and output of emergy, environmental load rate and sustainable development index, provide the basis for optimizing farmland allocation. The results showed that the emergy input performance under the four cultivation modes was M / S2> M / S1> M> S. The industrial auxiliary was mainly fertilizer, the renewable organic was mainly artificial input, and the emergy output was M Compared with maize, soybean has the characteristics of high emergy output, low emergy input, low environmental load, and high sustainable development. The economic benefits are as follows: M / S1, M / S2, M is significantly higher than S; By reducing fertilizer inputs, especially phosphorus, potash, reduce the number of times or depth of farming, appropriately increase the density of soybean, reduce the planting density of corn, reduce the environmental load, improve the sustainable development index of emergy, To optimize M / S1 cultivation mode.