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为了探讨保护性耕作节水、增产潜力及其在黑河流域的适应性,设计20 cm留茬(NS20)、20 cm留茬压倒(NPS20)、40 cm留茬(NS40)、40 cm留茬压倒(NPS40)和传统耕作(CT)5个处理,研究了保护性耕作对黑河流域农田土壤含水量、产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明:相对传统耕作,保护性耕作增加了土壤贮水量:在2003年和2004年休闲期结束后,NPS40、NS40、NS20和NPS20表层0～30 cm土壤贮水量较CT分别增加30.22%、27.29%、20.92%、13.64%和48.32%、38.90%、29.85%、23.28%;2004、2005两年播种期0～5 cm土壤含水量NPS40、NS40、NPS20和NS20较CT分别增加37.29%、37.10%、21.49%、41.90%和33.99%、40.17%、8.90%、38.44%;播种到拔节期留茬高度越大,土壤贮水量越多,在相同高度的留茬处理中,干旱年份压倒处理保水效果较好,降雨相对较多的年份立茬处理保水效果较好;拔节后各层土壤贮水量之间差异减小。保护性耕作增加作物产量和水分利用效率,尤其是NPS20,2004年和2005年产量和WUE较传统耕作分别增加53.08%、5.85%和52.04%、7.30%。
In order to explore conservation tillage water saving, yield potential and its adaptability in Heihe River basin, 20 cm stubble (NS20), 20 cm stubble (NPS20), 40 cm stubble (NS40) and 40 cm stubble were overwhelmed (NPS40) and traditional tillage (CT). The effects of conservation tillage on farmland soil moisture content, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were studied. The results showed that, compared with traditional tillage, conservation tillage increased the soil water storage capacity. After the leisure period ended in 2003 and 2004, the water storage capacity of 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer of NPS40, NS40, NS20 and NPS20 increased 30.22% and 27.29 Respectively. Compared with CT, NPS40, NS40, NPS20 and NS20 in 0-5 cm soil layer increased by 37.29% and 37.10% respectively in 2004 and 2005, , 21.49%, 41.90% and 33.99%, 40.17%, 8.90% and 38.44%, respectively. The greater the stubble height at seeding to jointing stage was, the more the soil water storage capacity was. In the same height stubble treatment, Better, the relatively more precipitation in the years of stubble treatment is better water holding effect; after jointing the soil water storage differences between the reduced. Conservation tillage increased crop yields and water use efficiency, especially NPS20. In 2004 and 2005, yields and WUEs increased by 53.08%, 5.85% and 52.04% and 7.30% respectively over conventional tillage.