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接种流感疫苗是预防流感的发生及控制其传播的最有效手段之一。为提高流感疫苗的安全性和减少不良反应的发生,现综述了流感疫苗的不良反应及其发生机制。疫苗不良反应包括一般反应和异常反应,其中严重的不良反应包括格林-巴利综合征、过敏性紫癜和嗜睡症,可对人体产生较严重的损害。不良反应发生的原因较为复杂,可由外部因素和受种者身体和心理因素导致。流感疫苗不良反应的发生机制包括自身免疫反应、体液免疫、复合效应和分子模拟机制。
Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent the occurrence of influenza and to control its spread. To improve the safety of influenza vaccines and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, the adverse reactions of influenza vaccines and their pathogenesis are reviewed. Adverse reactions to the vaccine include general reactions and abnormal reactions, of which serious adverse reactions include Guillain-Barre syndrome, Henoch-Schonlein purpura and narcolepsy, which can cause severe damage to the human body. The causes of adverse reactions are more complicated, can be caused by external factors and the recipient’s physical and psychological factors. The pathogenesis of influenza vaccine adverse reactions include autoimmune reactions, humoral immunity, complex effects and molecular modeling mechanisms.