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目的:了解3～6岁睡眠障碍儿童的气质特点,探讨提高学龄前儿童睡眠质量的有效措施。方法:应用澳大利亚悉尼大学儿童睡眠中心临床问卷的中国修订版和中国学龄前儿童气质量表(CPTS)对延边地区725名3～6岁城乡儿童的睡眠状况和气质特点进行调查。结果:E型、I-E型、I-D型、S型及D型儿童中,存在睡眠障碍者分别占20.1%、30.6%、44.3%、44.2%和43.2%;不同气质类型儿童的睡眠障碍发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);睡眠障碍儿童的活动水平、节律性、适应性、心境、持久性及注意分散度等6个因子分值均明显高于正常儿童(P<0.05);注意分散度与睡眠时间呈明显相关(P<0.05);不同气质类型儿童之间的睡眠时间、入睡难易程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:延边地区3～6岁睡眠障碍儿童的气质类型多为I-D型、D型及S型;家长和教师应充分了解儿童的气质特点,因人施教,切实提高儿童的睡眠质量。
Objective: To understand the temperament characteristics of 3 ~ 6 years old children with sleep disorders and to explore effective measures to improve the quality of sleep in preschool children. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the revised version of the clinical questionnaire from the Children’s Sleep Center in Sydney, Australia and the Chinese preschool children’s temperament scale (CPTS) to investigate the sleep conditions and temperament characteristics of 725 urban and rural children aged 3 to 6 in Yanbian. Results: There were 20.1%, 30.6%, 44.3%, 44.2% and 43.2% of children with sleep disorders in type E, type IE, type ID, type S and type D. Children with different types of temperament had more sleep disorders (P <0.05). The scores of six factors including activity level, rhythm, adaptability, mood, persistence and attentional dispersion in children with sleep disorders were significantly higher than those in normal children (P <0.05). Note that dispersion and sleep time were significantly correlated (P <0.05); different temperament types of children between the sleep time, difficulty falling asleep compared with no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The temperament types of children with sleep disorders of 3 ~ 6 years old in Yanbian are mostly I-D type, D-type and S-type. Parents and teachers should fully understand the children’s temperament and personality, and improve the quality of children’s sleep effectively.