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[目的]探明川东北丘陵区油菜、小麦秸秆在稻田土壤中腐解及养分释放特征,为水稻合理栽培提供理论依据。[方法]采用尼龙网袋法,以油菜荚壳、油菜茎秆、油菜蔸部和小麦秸秆为试验材料,研究这4种材料在土壤中腐解及养分释放特征。[结果]4种秸秆材料腐解速率均呈现先快后慢,从大到小依次为油菜荚壳、小麦秸秆、油菜茎秆、油菜蔸部,还埋10 d累积腐解率在29.20%~51.70%,还埋100 d累积腐解率在43.50%~75.80%;不同秸秆材料养分释放速率亦表现为先快后慢,还埋20 d各材料的碳、氮、磷、钾释放率均在30.00%以上,其中钾素释放速度最快(平均达98.70%),还埋100 d累积释放率从大到小依次为钾(99.10%)、磷(60.60%)、氮(58.40%)、碳(58.00%)。[结论]生产上应根据秸秆腐解规律及养分释放规律制订合理的水稻栽培管理措施。
[Objective] The research aimed to find out the characteristics of decomposition and nutrient release of rapeseed and wheat straw in soils of paddy soils in the hilly area of northeastern Sichuan, providing a theoretical basis for rational cultivation of rice. [Method] The nylon net bag method was used to study the decomposing and nutrient releasing characteristics of four materials in soil with rape pods shell, rape stalk, rape broom and wheat straw as test materials. [Result] The decomposition rates of the four kinds of straw materials firstly and later slowed down, followed by rapeseed pods shell, wheat straw, rape stalk, 51.70% and 100 days, respectively. The rate of release of nutrients from different stalks was faster at first and then slowed down. The release rates of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, (99.30%), phosphorus (60.60%), nitrogen (58.40%), carbon (58.40%) and potassium (58.00%). [Conclusion] The reasonable rice cultivation management measures should be formulated according to the laws of straw decomposition and nutrient release in production.