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地塞美松是强的松龙的氟化衍生物,主要用于炎症、变态反应及对糖皮质激素有效应的疾病。其抗炎作用:地塞美松0.75毫克相当于氢化可的松20毫克。地塞美松几无氢化可的松潴钠的作用。对曾用过其他糖皮质激素治疗的病人由于钠离子的排出会出现轻度利尿,故不宜用地塞美松作为急性或慢性肾上腺皮质功能不足的补充疗法。地塞美松磷酸钠的水溶液,静注或肌注用于急性疾患及其他急救治疗,但是,急性肾上腺皮质功能不足者除外。由于此可溶性盐作用时间短促,限制了用它作滑膜腔内注射。可用本品作气雾剂吸入治疗支气管哮喘,但难以控制剂量,病人使用过量是危险的;由于这种给药方式可致全身吸收,应注意观察病人发生不良反应。局部用制剂可用于皮肤病、眼或鼻疾患的治疗。
Dexamethasone is a fluorinated derivative of prednisolone and is mainly used for inflammation, allergic reactions and diseases that are effective for glucocorticoids. Its anti-inflammatory effect: dexamethasone 0.75 mg is equivalent to hydrocortisone 20 mg. Dexamethasone few hydrocortisone sodium retention role. For patients who have been treated with other glucocorticoids due to the release of sodium ions will appear mild diuretic, it is not appropriate to use as a secondary treatment of acute or chronic adrenal insufficiency of adrenal insufficiency therapy. Dexamethasone sodium phosphate aqueous solution, intravenous or intramuscular injection for acute disorders and other first aid treatment, however, except for acute adrenal insufficiency. Due to the short duration of action of this soluble salt, intraosseous intracavity injection is limited. This product can be used for aerosol inhalation treatment of bronchial asthma, but difficult to control the dose, the patient is dangerous to use excessive; due to this mode of administration can cause systemic absorption, should observe the patient adverse reactions. Topical formulations are useful for the treatment of dermatological, ocular or nasal disorders.