海啸是由海底地震、火山喷发、海底山体滑坡或者海底核爆炸等产生的具有超长波长和中等周期的大洋行波。其中,因海底地震引发地壳垂向错动而造成大面积的水体突然升降,从而形成一系列波长数十至数百、数千米,周期2~200分钟的长重力波,一般称为地震海啸。 Tsunamis are oceanic traveling waves with ultra-long wavelengths and medium cycles that result from seafloor earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides on the seafloor, or nuclear explosions on the seafloor. A series of long-gravitational waves with wave lengths of tens to hundreds, thousands of kilometers and periods of 2 to 200 minutes are generally caused by the sudden rise and fall of a large area of ​​water due to the vertical crustal displacement of the crust caused by a seafloor earthquake. This is generally called an earthquake and tsunami .