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余华的小说《兄弟》,属于五四以来中国现代文学史堪称丰富的闹剧谱系。这部小说在通过亲情、忠诚、背叛这样的主题来探讨处于动态的人际关系的过程中,也展现了一幅处于癫狂中的当代社会的奇异图景。《兄弟》有两个显著特点:李光头所体现的混世魔王/骗子(trickster)形象;以及作者在闹剧的框架下对各种语体的处理。通过种种手法,余华在他的闹剧里加入了现实主义、戏仿(parody)、悲剧这些元素。由于小说是如此频繁地在(悲剧和喜剧)语体之间转换,因此可以说《兄弟》是由众多乐章组成的一部交响乐。然而狂欢的范式却无法解释书中过于简单的并置手法,这可以说是小说最大的败笔。
Yu Hua’s novel “Brothers” belonged to the pedigree of the farce of modern Chinese literature since the May Fourth Movement. This novel explores the dynamic interpersonal relationships through such themes as affection, loyalty and betrayal, as well as the fantastic picture of contemporary society in a mad state. There are two notable features of Brothers: the image of a monster / trickster embodied in Li’s head; and the treatment of various genres by the author in the framework of a farce. Through various tactics, Yu Hua joined realism, parody and tragedy in his novels. Because fiction is so frequently converted between the (tragedy and comedy) genres, it can be said that “brother” is a symphony of many movements. However, the carnival paradigm can not explain the book too simplistic juxtaposition, which can be said to be the biggest failure of the novel.