1.基本原理 中子剂量测量是辐射剂量学的重要组成部分。自1962年以来,中子辐射的监测已越来越多地应用固体径迹探测器。这种新型的探测器是通过(n,f)、(n,a)、(n,p)等核反应和散射来探测中子的。由上述过程产生的次级带电粒子(裂变碎片、α粒子、质子和反冲核)在有机聚合物、玻璃和云母等探测材料上造成可蚀的损伤区域,经过一定的化学或电化学处理,在损伤区域显示出可见径迹。记录带电粒子径迹的密度和大小,可以测量中子的通量、剂量和能量。 1. Fundamentals Neutron dose measurement is an important part of radiation dosimetry. Since 1962, the monitoring of neutron radiation has increasingly been using solid track detectors. The new detector detects neutrons by nuclear reactions and scattering such as (n, f), (n, a), (n, p). The secondary charged particles (fission fragments, alpha particles, protons and recoil nuclei) generated by the above process cause erodible damage areas on the detection materials such as organic polymers, glass and mica, and after certain chemical or electrochemical treatment, Visible track is shown in the damaged area. The density and size of charged particle tracks are recorded to measure neutron flux, dose, and energy.