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血循环内正常红细胞的平均寿命约120天,每天接近1％的红细胞衰老死亡,由骨髓再生补充,维持动态平衡。红细胞寿命缩短,就会出现溶血。但不一定发生溶血性贫血,因骨髓有使红细胞系生成活力提高6～8倍的潜力,只有当红细胞平均寿命短至不足15～20天时,才出现贫血。相反,某些全身性疾患如感染、恶性肿瘤、接触药物和化学制品引起之溶血,由于骨髓功能往往同时受一定的抑制,故红细胞寿命轻度缩短时就可发生贫血。
The average life expectancy of normal red blood cells within the blood circulation is about 120 days. Nearly 1% of red blood cells die of aging each day and are supplemented by bone marrow regeneration to maintain the homeostasis. Erythrocyte life shortened, there will be hemolysis. But not necessarily hemolytic anemia, due to the bone marrow to make the activity of the red blood cell generation increased by 6 to 8 times the potential, only when the average life expectancy of red blood cells to less than 15 to 20 days before anemia. In contrast, certain systemic diseases such as infections, malignancies, hemolysis caused by exposure to drugs and chemicals, and anemia due to the bone marrow function often inhibited by a certain amount at the same time.