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杭州石屋洞以其10世纪雕刻的一组五百罗汉群像而闻名于世。据洞内曾有的造像题记,从后晋天福九年(944年)起到北宋开宝七年(974年)止,共花费了31年时间,由来自各阶层的佛教信徒们共同资助雕造了这批罗汉像。据作者的调查统计,罗汉像实际数目应在496躯以上,很可能接近史书中记载的516尊,且都在吴越国(907~978年)中晚期完成,是中国已知年代最早的五百罗汉题材造像。石屋洞中还有少量佛、菩萨像等,在正壁雕凿的释迦与二弟子二菩萨二天王像大龛(A龛)是石屋洞最重要的工程,它的赞助者可能是石屋洞造像的发起人吴越国王。位于正壁的西方三圣像龛(B龛)也同样有着较高的规格,是吴越国流行的造像题材之一。位于正壁的一所水月观音像龛(K57)是唯一所见的该题材在五代时期的雕塑像例。所有这些龛像都表现着典型的吴越国造像风格。在19、20世纪,石屋洞造像与多数题记被毁坏。本文的资料来自笔者在现场的调查,与辑录“文革”以前学者们调查、发布的关于石屋洞的文字与照片,旨在尽量还原部分石屋洞的原貌。本文还就石屋洞一些造像的风格与题材做了研究。
Hangzhou Shizhu Cave is famous for its group of 500 arhats carved in the 10th century. According to the statues and inscriptions in the cave, it took 31 years from the nine years after Jin Tianfu (944) to the seven years (974) for the opening of the Northern Song Dynasty. Buddhists from all walks of life jointly funded the carving This statue of Luo Han. According to the author’s survey, Lohan’s actual number should be above 496, probably close to 516 recorded in historical books, and all of them were completed in the middle and late Wu Yueguo (907-978), the earliest known 500 in China Lohan theme statues. There are also a few Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in the stone cave, and the biggest niche in Shigoya is Shakya-dong, the largest statue of Shikuandong. The statue of Sakya and the second disciple of the two disciples, The founder of statues Wu Yue king. The west niche (B niche) located on the front wall also has a higher standard and is one of the most popular statues of the Wu Yue country. Located on the front wall, a water and moon concept video niche (K57) is the only example of sculpture on the theme of the Five Dynasties period. All of these shrines represent the typical style of the Wu and Yue statues. In the 19th and 20th centuries, stone cave statues and most inscriptions were destroyed. The information in this article comes from the author’s investigation at the scene and the texts and photographs of Shizhudong which were researched and published by the authors before the issue of “Cultural Revolution” to try to restore some of the original appearance of the stone house. This article also made some researches on the styles and themes of some statues in Shueh-dong.