1.引言 微观力学是关于非常小物体的力学,近些年来它越来越受到力学界的注意。本文不企图探索这个趋势的社会意义,而将提出当前普遍感兴趣的微观力学各种各样问题的简要综述。 微观力学的分析,往往把借助于连续介质力学来推断出宏观本构关系的一些规律作为自已的目标,因为本构关系本身又是连续介质力学的不可缺少的组成部分,所以这两者是互为 1. INTRODUCTION Micromechanics is a mechanics of very small objects and in recent years it has drawn more and more attention from mechanics. This article does not attempt to explore the social significance of this trend, but rather presents a brief overview of the wide variety of problems of micromechanics currently of general interest. Micromechanical analysis, often with the help of continuum mechanics to infer some of the laws of macroscopic constitutive relations as their own goals, because the constitutive relationship itself is an integral part of continuum mechanics, so both are mutually for