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丙二腈分子中的氰基作为强吸电子基团可活化亚甲基,也是良好的离去基团,以及氰基的碳氮三键可进行加成反应,使得丙二腈是一种非常特别的化合物。它具有非常丰富的反应性质,可以发生Knoevenagel缩合、Michael加成、环化和消去等反应,是进行多组分合成反应的优良试剂。由其参加的多组分合成反应已经成为合成众多碳环和杂环化合物的重要方法。本文综述了丙二腈在多组分反应中的研究进展,介绍了近年来丙二腈参加的多组分反应合成环状化合物的成功事例,展望了丙二腈反应的发展方向。
The cyano group in the molecule of malononitrile acts as a strong electron-attracting group to activate the methylene group, which is also a good leaving group, and the carbon-nitrogen triple bond of the cyano group can undergo addition reaction, so that malononitrile is a very Special compound. It has a very rich reactivity, can occur Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, cyclization and elimination reactions, is a good multi-component synthesis reagents. The multi-component synthesis reaction participated by it has become an important method for synthesizing numerous carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. In this paper, the progress of the study on malononitrile in multicomponent reactions is reviewed. The successful cases of the synthesis of cyclic compounds by malononitrile in recent years are introduced. The development of the reaction of malononitrile is also discussed.