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利用1976-2009年塔里木盆地的和田、库车、若羌、喀什和民丰5个探空站的实测资料计算了逐月平均水汽含量,并建立了与地面水汽压的关系式;利用这种关系式计算了盆地及周边地区28个站水汽含量,进行了EOF分解,得出了水汽分布形式;分析了地表水汽压随高度的变化;对在盆地腹地及周边地区进行的GPS观测资料进行了水汽含量的反演,并与探空计算值进行了对比。结果表明:盆地内水汽含量有两个高值区,主要分布在盆地西部和北部的边缘地带,中心水汽含量在13~14mm,均位于塔里木河干流、叶尔羌河流域、阿克苏河支流周围的绿洲地区。塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地是水汽的低值区中心,水汽含量仅为7~8mm,塔中是所有站中水汽量最少的,由中心向外逐渐增加,在环塔里木盆地的西部、北部绿洲区达到最高,然后由于海拔高度的影响又逐渐减小。塔里木盆地地基GPS反演水汽数据与探空计算值存在良好的线性关系。
Based on the measured data of five sounding stations in Hetian, Kuqa, Ruoqiang, Kashi and Minfeng in the Tarim Basin from 1976 to 2009, the monthly mean water vapor content was calculated and the relationship with the surface vapor pressure was established. By using this relationship The water vapor content of 28 stations in the basin and the surrounding area was calculated and EOF decomposition was carried out to obtain the distribution of water vapor. The variation of surface water vapor pressure with height was analyzed. The GPS observations in the hinterland and the surrounding area of the basin were carried out. The inversion of the content is compared with the sounding calculation. The results show that the water vapor content in the basin has two high value areas, mainly distributed in the western and northern edge of the basin. The central water vapor content is 13 ~ 14mm, both located in the oasis area around the mainstream of Tarim River, Yarkand River and Aksu River tributaries. In the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert is the center of the low water vapor area. The water vapor content is only 7 ~ 8mm. The water vapor content of all the stations in the tower is the smallest, gradually increasing from the center to the highest, reaching the highest in the western and northern oases in the Central Tarim Basin. Then it gradually decreases due to the influence of altitude. There is a good linear relationship between ground-based GPS inversion water vapor data and sounding calculations in the Tarim Basin.