目的建立和完善云南省血吸虫病监测预警机制,及时发现可疑高危环境,预防人畜感染。方法选择云南省大理州巍山县、洱源县和大理市3个疫情较重县(市)的8个村庄作为监测点,开展重点水域哨鼠预警监测。对回收饲养后成活的哨鼠进行解剖观察,并用ELISA方法检测哨鼠血清抗体。同时记录分析监测点水域周围居民和家畜接触疫水情况,并综合近3年疫情资料进行风险评估。结果共投放哨鼠300只,哨鼠总回收率为94.67%,总死亡率为8.80%。未发现血清抗体阳性和解剖阳性哨鼠。接触疫水人员主要为村民、学生、儿童和渔民,接触方式主要为洗手洗脚、收种作物、捕鱼、洗菜和游泳等。监测点近3年钉螺面积、人群感染率和耕牛感染率均呈下降趋势,但仍存在一定的传播风险。结论 3个监测县(市)血吸虫病传播得到有效控制,但仍需加强以传染源控制为主的综合防治措施。 Objective To establish and improve the monitoring and early warning mechanism of schistosomiasis in Yunnan Province, detect suspicious high-risk environment in time and prevent human and animal infections. Methods Eight villages with heavy counties (cities) in Weishan County, Eryuan County and Dali City of Yunnan Province were selected as monitoring sites to carry out early warning and monitoring of sentinel rats in key waters. The recovered sentient sentient ejaculates were dissected and the serum antibodies were detected by ELISA. At the same time, the epidemic situation of residents and livestock around the waters around the monitoring points was recorded and analyzed, and the risk assessment was conducted based on the epidemic data of the past three years. Results A total of 300 ejaculates were administered. The total recovery rate of sentinel rats was 94.67% with a total mortality rate of 8.80%. No positive serum antibody was found and the anatomy was positive. The main contact with infested persons is villagers, students, children and fishermen. The main contact methods are washing their hands and feet, planting crops, fishing, washing vegetables and swimming. In recent 3 years, snail area, population infection rate and cattle infection rate all showed a downward trend, but there was still a certain risk of transmission. Conclusion The transmission of schistosomiasis in the three counties (cities) under surveillance is effectively controlled, but comprehensive prevention and control measures based on infection source control still need to be strengthened.